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<p>The mixing ratio is a key parameter for characterizing solute transport at fracture intersections and controlling solute migration within fracture networks. Current research lacks systematic studies on the effects of roughness, intersecting angle, and aperture on the mixing ratio under different Peclet numbers (<i>Pe</i>) and have not clarified the uncertain effect of roughness on the mixing ratio. To investigate the <i>Pe</i>-dependent characteristics of the mixing ratios affected by multiple factors, numerical models of fracture intersections were established. The effects of roughness, intersecting angle, and aperture ratio on concentration distributions and mixing ratios were systematically analyzed over a wide <i>Pe</i> range. Based on numerical simulations and solute transport experiments, a <i>Pe</i>-dependent mixing ratio model for fracture intersections is proposed and validated. The results show that the <i>Pe</i>-dependent characteristics of the mixing ratios vary across influencing factors. The mixing ratio decreases as <i>Pe</i> increases. Roughness only affects concentration distribution and mixing ratio at ultra-high <i>Pe</i>, exerting uncertain effects on single intersections, while statistically increasing the ratio in large fracture networks. The mixing ratio decreases as the intersecting angle increases, and this dependence is particularly pronounced at intermediate <i>Pe</i>. The effect of aperture ratio on mixing is more pronounced across all <i>Pe</i>, with the mixing ratio increasing monotonically as the aperture ratio increases. By synthesizing the relationships among mixing ratio, <i>Pe</i>, roughness, intersecting angle, and aperture ratio, a <i>Pe</i>-dependent mixing ratio at fracture intersections is obtained. The model predictions were validated through solute transport experiments and numerical simulations for representative <i>Pe</i> and intersecting angles. This study can effectively predict solute mixing at fracture intersections, which is important for predicting and characterizing solute transport in fracture networks.</p>

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Pe-Dependent Characteristics of Mixing Ratio of Solute Transport at 2D Fracture Intersections: The Roles of Roughness, Intersecting Angle, and Aperture Ratio

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Cheng Li,
  • Zhechao Wang,
  • Jie Liu,
  • Liping Qiao,
  • Lilei Pang

摘要

The mixing ratio is a key parameter for characterizing solute transport at fracture intersections and controlling solute migration within fracture networks. Current research lacks systematic studies on the effects of roughness, intersecting angle, and aperture on the mixing ratio under different Peclet numbers (Pe) and have not clarified the uncertain effect of roughness on the mixing ratio. To investigate the Pe-dependent characteristics of the mixing ratios affected by multiple factors, numerical models of fracture intersections were established. The effects of roughness, intersecting angle, and aperture ratio on concentration distributions and mixing ratios were systematically analyzed over a wide Pe range. Based on numerical simulations and solute transport experiments, a Pe-dependent mixing ratio model for fracture intersections is proposed and validated. The results show that the Pe-dependent characteristics of the mixing ratios vary across influencing factors. The mixing ratio decreases as Pe increases. Roughness only affects concentration distribution and mixing ratio at ultra-high Pe, exerting uncertain effects on single intersections, while statistically increasing the ratio in large fracture networks. The mixing ratio decreases as the intersecting angle increases, and this dependence is particularly pronounced at intermediate Pe. The effect of aperture ratio on mixing is more pronounced across all Pe, with the mixing ratio increasing monotonically as the aperture ratio increases. By synthesizing the relationships among mixing ratio, Pe, roughness, intersecting angle, and aperture ratio, a Pe-dependent mixing ratio at fracture intersections is obtained. The model predictions were validated through solute transport experiments and numerical simulations for representative Pe and intersecting angles. This study can effectively predict solute mixing at fracture intersections, which is important for predicting and characterizing solute transport in fracture networks.