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<p>The “anchor spray + arch” support system is widely used in tunnel design. However, under high in situ stress and large-span conditions, insufficient rock self-stabilization causes loads to be carried mainly by the arch and spray layer, leaving bolt capacity underutilized and compromising the synergistic interaction among support components, thereby increasing failure risk. To enhance rock self-stabilization, high prestress should be applied to bolts. Based on this, a cooperative control theory of high-prestressed supporting system was proposed. A high-strength constant-resistance bolt enabling high prestress application was developed, along with a numerical constitutive model of the active–passive support system. Numerical simulations and geomechanical model tests on the cooperative control of the high-prestressed support system for tunnels were conducted. The active regulation mechanism of prestress on surrounding rock load distribution was revealed. As prestress increased from 0 to 100&#xa0;kN, the load proportion carried by the active support rose from 13.75 to 48.22%, while that of the passive support decreased correspondingly from 86.25 to 51.78%, verifying the theory’s validity in load distribution optimization. To facilitate engineering application of this cooperative control method, a high prestress quantitative application device was developed. Field application showed that, compared with the non-prestressed support adopted in the field, the maximum tunnel deformation under the cooperative control support system was 26.52&#xa0;mm, representing a reduction of 40.64%. Strength utilization rates of bolts, arches, and spray layers were optimized from 6.93%, 91.08%, and 88.86% to 50.66%, 52.86%, and 44.49%, respectively. Monitoring confirmed the method enhances tunnel support rationality.</p>

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Research and Application of Collaborative Support Effect in Tunnel Support System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Qi Wang,
  • Xuepeng Wang,
  • Xiaoyang Li,
  • Bei Jiang

摘要

The “anchor spray + arch” support system is widely used in tunnel design. However, under high in situ stress and large-span conditions, insufficient rock self-stabilization causes loads to be carried mainly by the arch and spray layer, leaving bolt capacity underutilized and compromising the synergistic interaction among support components, thereby increasing failure risk. To enhance rock self-stabilization, high prestress should be applied to bolts. Based on this, a cooperative control theory of high-prestressed supporting system was proposed. A high-strength constant-resistance bolt enabling high prestress application was developed, along with a numerical constitutive model of the active–passive support system. Numerical simulations and geomechanical model tests on the cooperative control of the high-prestressed support system for tunnels were conducted. The active regulation mechanism of prestress on surrounding rock load distribution was revealed. As prestress increased from 0 to 100 kN, the load proportion carried by the active support rose from 13.75 to 48.22%, while that of the passive support decreased correspondingly from 86.25 to 51.78%, verifying the theory’s validity in load distribution optimization. To facilitate engineering application of this cooperative control method, a high prestress quantitative application device was developed. Field application showed that, compared with the non-prestressed support adopted in the field, the maximum tunnel deformation under the cooperative control support system was 26.52 mm, representing a reduction of 40.64%. Strength utilization rates of bolts, arches, and spray layers were optimized from 6.93%, 91.08%, and 88.86% to 50.66%, 52.86%, and 44.49%, respectively. Monitoring confirmed the method enhances tunnel support rationality.