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<p>Damage and failure processes in shale reservoirs play a critical role in controlling mechanical stability and permeability evolution. To improve the prediction of mechanical damage behavior in shale, this study integrates digital-rock reconstruction with discrete-element numerical simulations to investigate shale mechanical responses under uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, and coupled seepage conditions. An improved cusp catastrophe theory-based model is developed to characterize damage evolution and abrupt failure behavior. The results show that peak strength, elastic modulus, and fracture propagation characteristics vary significantly with changes in porosity, confining pressure, and pore pressure, exhibiting clear and consistent monotonic trends. The critical equilibrium point predicted by the proposed cusp catastrophe model shows good agreement with the abrupt damage transition point identified by the fracture damage model. Comparisons between numerical simulations and field observations further demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively capture sudden damage escalation in shale. A pronounced change in permeability is observed before and after damage transition, and the numerically predicted permeability evolution is consistent with field permeability data. This study provides a new theoretical framework for understanding shale damage and failure mechanisms and their influence on reservoir behavior, offering valuable insights for reservoir stability evaluation and optimization of resource development.</p>

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Mechanical Damage and Failure of Digital Rock Based on Cusp Catastrophe Theory

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Ziqi Wang,
  • Jianmeng Sun,
  • Weiliang Pan,
  • Honglin Gao,
  • Xiaojuan Sun,
  • Haiou Wen

摘要

Damage and failure processes in shale reservoirs play a critical role in controlling mechanical stability and permeability evolution. To improve the prediction of mechanical damage behavior in shale, this study integrates digital-rock reconstruction with discrete-element numerical simulations to investigate shale mechanical responses under uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, and coupled seepage conditions. An improved cusp catastrophe theory-based model is developed to characterize damage evolution and abrupt failure behavior. The results show that peak strength, elastic modulus, and fracture propagation characteristics vary significantly with changes in porosity, confining pressure, and pore pressure, exhibiting clear and consistent monotonic trends. The critical equilibrium point predicted by the proposed cusp catastrophe model shows good agreement with the abrupt damage transition point identified by the fracture damage model. Comparisons between numerical simulations and field observations further demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively capture sudden damage escalation in shale. A pronounced change in permeability is observed before and after damage transition, and the numerically predicted permeability evolution is consistent with field permeability data. This study provides a new theoretical framework for understanding shale damage and failure mechanisms and their influence on reservoir behavior, offering valuable insights for reservoir stability evaluation and optimization of resource development.