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<p>Graphene-modified grout has been increasingly used for enhancing the competency of jointed or fractured rock masses subjected to excavation disturbance. This paper aims to assess the shear behavior of grout–rock interface with different reduced graphene oxide (rGO) contents and joint roughness coefficients (<i>JRC</i>) using comprehensive experimental methods. Direct shear tests are conducted on grout–rock specimens with rGO contents of 0 to 0.054 wt% and <i>JRC</i> of 6.6 to 19.1, revealing the most significant shear strength enhancement at 0.036 wt% rGO and a positive correlation between shear resistance and interface roughness. A three-stage conceptual model is developed to represent interface displacements, including displacement holding in intact bonding, shear contraction with particle crushing, and shear dilation with asperity abrasion. Then, surface roughness is observed via particle size analysis and 3D morphological scanning, indicating less degradation under 0.036 wt% rGO and a negative correlation between the <i>JRC</i> loss ratio and the initial <i>JRC</i>. An equation is established to represent the correlation of roughness degradation to rGO content, initial roughness, normal stress magnitude, and grout–rock wall strength. Furthermore, interpreting AE events monitored during shear tests reveals two shear failure mechanisms, including incremental slip with asperity interlocking at lower confinement and shear rupture with asperity collapse at higher confinement. Fractal analysis of AE signals suggests that the incorporation of rGO alters the shear failure process from abrupt asperity collapse to gradual surface abrasion. This research is expected to improve the understanding of grout–rock interfacial behavior and facilitate the best-practice grouting reinforcement for ground control.</p>

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Experimental Study of Shear Deformation and Failure in Grout–Rock Assembly Incorporating Graphene-Modified Cementitious Materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Gangwei Fan,
  • Mingwei Chen,
  • Shuyin Jiang,
  • Zihan Kong,
  • Tao Luo,
  • Dongsheng Zhang,
  • Shizhong Zhang,
  • Zhanglei Fan,
  • Shouyang Gao

摘要

Graphene-modified grout has been increasingly used for enhancing the competency of jointed or fractured rock masses subjected to excavation disturbance. This paper aims to assess the shear behavior of grout–rock interface with different reduced graphene oxide (rGO) contents and joint roughness coefficients (JRC) using comprehensive experimental methods. Direct shear tests are conducted on grout–rock specimens with rGO contents of 0 to 0.054 wt% and JRC of 6.6 to 19.1, revealing the most significant shear strength enhancement at 0.036 wt% rGO and a positive correlation between shear resistance and interface roughness. A three-stage conceptual model is developed to represent interface displacements, including displacement holding in intact bonding, shear contraction with particle crushing, and shear dilation with asperity abrasion. Then, surface roughness is observed via particle size analysis and 3D morphological scanning, indicating less degradation under 0.036 wt% rGO and a negative correlation between the JRC loss ratio and the initial JRC. An equation is established to represent the correlation of roughness degradation to rGO content, initial roughness, normal stress magnitude, and grout–rock wall strength. Furthermore, interpreting AE events monitored during shear tests reveals two shear failure mechanisms, including incremental slip with asperity interlocking at lower confinement and shear rupture with asperity collapse at higher confinement. Fractal analysis of AE signals suggests that the incorporation of rGO alters the shear failure process from abrupt asperity collapse to gradual surface abrasion. This research is expected to improve the understanding of grout–rock interfacial behavior and facilitate the best-practice grouting reinforcement for ground control.