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<p>To explore the influence patterns of coal thickness anomalies on coal and gas outbursts, this study investigates the mechanisms of coal and gas outbursts in abnormal coal thickness zones through a self-developed true triaxial simulation test system. Temperature and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring techniques were integrated in this study. This approach enabled a detailed analysis of how stress, temperature, and AE energy influence outburst incubation. The results reveal that the relative outburst intensity is governed by the competing effects of critical gas pressure and stress concentration factor, peaking at a coal thickness variation rate of 2.6&#xa0;m/dam. Temperature monitoring revealed notable precursor anomalies in the abnormal thickness zone during the outburst incubation stage. Furthermore, the AE energy evolution characteristics identified the transition process from low-energy stable state to high-energy unstable state. A novel outburst risk prediction indicator combining the stress concentration factor and AE precursor information has been established, providing important theoretical and experimental support for and a practical tool to enhance the precision of outburst prediction and prevention in abnormal coal thickness zones.</p>

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Evolution of Coal and Gas Outbursts in Abnormal Coal Thickness Zones: Energy–Stress Synergy and Critical Mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Zhonghua Zhang,
  • Jupeng Tang,
  • Yishan Pan,
  • Xin Zhang,
  • Lei Huang,
  • Aiwen Wang,
  • Lianpeng Dai,
  • Changbao Jiang,
  • Fei Wang

摘要

To explore the influence patterns of coal thickness anomalies on coal and gas outbursts, this study investigates the mechanisms of coal and gas outbursts in abnormal coal thickness zones through a self-developed true triaxial simulation test system. Temperature and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring techniques were integrated in this study. This approach enabled a detailed analysis of how stress, temperature, and AE energy influence outburst incubation. The results reveal that the relative outburst intensity is governed by the competing effects of critical gas pressure and stress concentration factor, peaking at a coal thickness variation rate of 2.6 m/dam. Temperature monitoring revealed notable precursor anomalies in the abnormal thickness zone during the outburst incubation stage. Furthermore, the AE energy evolution characteristics identified the transition process from low-energy stable state to high-energy unstable state. A novel outburst risk prediction indicator combining the stress concentration factor and AE precursor information has been established, providing important theoretical and experimental support for and a practical tool to enhance the precision of outburst prediction and prevention in abnormal coal thickness zones.