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<p>Steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) is a high-performance lining support material, and the effective bonding between the SFRC and the rock is critical to the structural stability. This study employs a spalling test to investigate the mechanical properties and stress wave propagation mechanisms at the interface of rock–SFRC bimaterials. Bimaterial specimens were prepared for different rock types (hard/soft) and joint roughness coefficient (JRC = 4, 12, 20). Results indicate that the interfacial dynamic tensile strength of bimaterials exhibited a noticeable strain rate effect. When the impact velocity increased from 2.30–2.42 to 4.25–4.42&#xa0;m/s, the strength was enhanced by 139–203%. The increasing JRC induced tensile stress concentration, resulting in reduced dynamic tensile strength, dynamic increase factor (DIF), and fracture energy at the bimaterial interface. The high toughness and porous properties of soft rock result in its bimaterial tensile strength exceeding that of hard rock. Based on experimental results, a unified dimensionless formula was established that quantitatively correlated DIF with impact velocity and JRC. Numerical simulations quantified the influence of size effect and stress wave peak intensity on interfacial dynamic tensile properties of bimaterials. The stress wave transmission time and accumulated energy in the SFRC were enlarged with increasing bimaterial thickness, resulting in a higher spalling velocity. Based on stress wave patterns in rock, interface, and SFRC, the fitting equations were established to predict the stress distribution within the bimaterials. Combining stress wave propagation and damage mechanics theory, the deformation of bimaterials was classified into elastic and damaged states.</p>

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Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Dynamic Tensile Response at the Interface Between Rock and High Performance Supported Material Based on Spalling Test

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Junqi Sun,
  • Yuting Wang,
  • Meng Chen,
  • Tong Zhang

摘要

Steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) is a high-performance lining support material, and the effective bonding between the SFRC and the rock is critical to the structural stability. This study employs a spalling test to investigate the mechanical properties and stress wave propagation mechanisms at the interface of rock–SFRC bimaterials. Bimaterial specimens were prepared for different rock types (hard/soft) and joint roughness coefficient (JRC = 4, 12, 20). Results indicate that the interfacial dynamic tensile strength of bimaterials exhibited a noticeable strain rate effect. When the impact velocity increased from 2.30–2.42 to 4.25–4.42 m/s, the strength was enhanced by 139–203%. The increasing JRC induced tensile stress concentration, resulting in reduced dynamic tensile strength, dynamic increase factor (DIF), and fracture energy at the bimaterial interface. The high toughness and porous properties of soft rock result in its bimaterial tensile strength exceeding that of hard rock. Based on experimental results, a unified dimensionless formula was established that quantitatively correlated DIF with impact velocity and JRC. Numerical simulations quantified the influence of size effect and stress wave peak intensity on interfacial dynamic tensile properties of bimaterials. The stress wave transmission time and accumulated energy in the SFRC were enlarged with increasing bimaterial thickness, resulting in a higher spalling velocity. Based on stress wave patterns in rock, interface, and SFRC, the fitting equations were established to predict the stress distribution within the bimaterials. Combining stress wave propagation and damage mechanics theory, the deformation of bimaterials was classified into elastic and damaged states.