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<p>Rock damage plays a pivotal role in the stability analysis of rock structures, primarily due to the presence of pores and pre-existing fracture zones that significantly influence failure mechanisms. While numerous damage models have been developed to describe rock failure under various loading conditions, the underlying evolution mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates rock damage evolution by integrating rock mechanics experiments, multi-sensor monitoring, and numerical modeling. Experimentally, damage is represented using sandstone specimens with varying hole configurations subjected to uniaxial compression. Micro-damage events were captured using an array of acoustic emission (AE) sensors, while surface deformation was tracked via digital image correlation (DIC). To further analyze damage progression, numerical simulations were performed using a lattice spring model enhanced with a mesoscopic damage framework at a spatial resolution of 1&#xa0;mm. The results address several key issues in rock damage mechanics, including the validity of geometric damage definitions, the influence of voids on damage evolution, and the temporal evolution of micro-damage events. Notably, the findings reveal a distinct transition from micro- to macro-scale damage during the failure process. While the numerical model effectively captures the progression of damage, it fails to replicate early-stage micro-damage activity. This discrepancy suggests that incorporating an AE data-driven constitutive framework for micro-damage evolution could significantly improve the predictive accuracy of numerical models.</p>

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Multiscale Investigation of Rock Damage Evolution Using AE, DIC, and Lattice Spring Modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Zhen-Qi Yang,
  • Xin-Dong Wei,
  • Zhe Li,
  • Tao Yuan,
  • Gao-Feng Zhao

摘要

Rock damage plays a pivotal role in the stability analysis of rock structures, primarily due to the presence of pores and pre-existing fracture zones that significantly influence failure mechanisms. While numerous damage models have been developed to describe rock failure under various loading conditions, the underlying evolution mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates rock damage evolution by integrating rock mechanics experiments, multi-sensor monitoring, and numerical modeling. Experimentally, damage is represented using sandstone specimens with varying hole configurations subjected to uniaxial compression. Micro-damage events were captured using an array of acoustic emission (AE) sensors, while surface deformation was tracked via digital image correlation (DIC). To further analyze damage progression, numerical simulations were performed using a lattice spring model enhanced with a mesoscopic damage framework at a spatial resolution of 1 mm. The results address several key issues in rock damage mechanics, including the validity of geometric damage definitions, the influence of voids on damage evolution, and the temporal evolution of micro-damage events. Notably, the findings reveal a distinct transition from micro- to macro-scale damage during the failure process. While the numerical model effectively captures the progression of damage, it fails to replicate early-stage micro-damage activity. This discrepancy suggests that incorporating an AE data-driven constitutive framework for micro-damage evolution could significantly improve the predictive accuracy of numerical models.