<p>Existing statistical damage constitutive models often neglect anisotropic characteristics and are inadequate for describing the brittle‒ductile mechanical behavior of rocks under high confining pressures. To solve the problems mentioned above, we carried out the following study. Low- and high-triaxial confining pressure tests were performed on black sandstone and marble samples with varying dip angles. We analyzed brittle‒ductile behavior transition characteristics of these rocks via stress‒strain curves, revealing the variation trends in the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio with dip angles. Based on the proposed improved Hoek‒Brown (H‒B) criterion (M‒HB‒HC) and rock statistical damage theory, with the consideration of critical confining pressure, we obtained a new expression for the residual strength of anisotropic rock. We considered the Weibull distribution of rock microscopic strength and developed a statistical damage constitutive model for anisotropic rock with consideration of confining pressure and brittle‒ductile mechanical behavior transition. A new expression for the residual strength of anisotropic rock was derived. The proposed constitutive model demonstrates excellent agreement with experimental data. The proposed constitutive model has clear physical significance. This model is more applicable to rocks with a single set of joint planes and better suited for brittle rocks.</p>