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<p>High-energy laser beam irradiation has broad application prospects to cause rock fracture in deep hard rock drilling and tunnel excavation. In recent decades, extensive researches were conducted to clarify the mechanisms and responses of this laser-assisted rock breaking (LARB) technology. This review aims to provide the development and engineering applications of LARB technology. Initially, the principle of LARB technology and the development of related equipment were reviewed. Subsequently, the laser irradiation effect is demonstrated from three aspects: temperature field, property degradation and crack evolution. The factors and their effects are summarized on the LARB effectiveness. Finally, the applications of LARB are explored and outlooked. The researches revealed that the temperature gradients are generated on rock surfaces when exposed to high-energy laser irradiation. The thermal stress concentrations drive microcrack propagation and result in rock failure. The mechanical properties of rock are influenced by laser power, irradiation time, and spot parameters through the localized melting, vaporization, and thermal spalling. The thermal response and energy coupling behavior of rocks are governed by lithological differences and surrounding medium conditions. LARB technology can be applied to tunneling, oil and gas drilling, and deep resource extraction engineering. The review sheds light on the development of laser irradiation rock breaking and its exploratory application in engineering applications. Specialists in the field can improve and innovate laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking technology, enabling efficient and environmentally friendly operations.</p><p>Highlights.</p><p>• This paper reviews the principles, mechanisms, and equipment of laser-assisted rock breaking (LARB) technology.</p><p>• Laser-assisted rock breaking mechanisms are analyzed from thermal transfer, physical degradation, and crack evolution.</p><p>• The effects of laser parameters and rock properties are revealed on fragmentation efficiency.</p><p>• Engineering applications and future directions of laser-assisted rock breaking are discussed in depth.</p>

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Review of Laser-Assisted Rock Breaking Technology and its Engineering Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Liuxin Tan,
  • Zhiqiang Zhang,
  • Mingming He,
  • Haoteng Wang,
  • Fangfang Chen,
  • Pan Chen

摘要

High-energy laser beam irradiation has broad application prospects to cause rock fracture in deep hard rock drilling and tunnel excavation. In recent decades, extensive researches were conducted to clarify the mechanisms and responses of this laser-assisted rock breaking (LARB) technology. This review aims to provide the development and engineering applications of LARB technology. Initially, the principle of LARB technology and the development of related equipment were reviewed. Subsequently, the laser irradiation effect is demonstrated from three aspects: temperature field, property degradation and crack evolution. The factors and their effects are summarized on the LARB effectiveness. Finally, the applications of LARB are explored and outlooked. The researches revealed that the temperature gradients are generated on rock surfaces when exposed to high-energy laser irradiation. The thermal stress concentrations drive microcrack propagation and result in rock failure. The mechanical properties of rock are influenced by laser power, irradiation time, and spot parameters through the localized melting, vaporization, and thermal spalling. The thermal response and energy coupling behavior of rocks are governed by lithological differences and surrounding medium conditions. LARB technology can be applied to tunneling, oil and gas drilling, and deep resource extraction engineering. The review sheds light on the development of laser irradiation rock breaking and its exploratory application in engineering applications. Specialists in the field can improve and innovate laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking technology, enabling efficient and environmentally friendly operations.

Highlights.

• This paper reviews the principles, mechanisms, and equipment of laser-assisted rock breaking (LARB) technology.

• Laser-assisted rock breaking mechanisms are analyzed from thermal transfer, physical degradation, and crack evolution.

• The effects of laser parameters and rock properties are revealed on fragmentation efficiency.

• Engineering applications and future directions of laser-assisted rock breaking are discussed in depth.