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<p>This study focuses on a complex-structure mine in Gansu, aiming to explore the hydraulic fracture propagation mechanism under different tectonic stresses. A seepage–stress–damage-coupled model is established to analyze the effects of the lateral pressure coefficient (<i>K</i>) on fracture initiation, propagation direction, shape, branching tendency, and damage rate. Three typical fracture propagation modes are revealed: when <i>K</i> &lt; 1, fractures propagate vertically with high damage rates, requiring reduced injection pressure to prevent roof penetration; when <i>K</i> = 1, fractures propagate radially, necessitating proper control of fracture network morphology; and when <i>K</i> &gt; 1, high—level stress significantly suppresses fracture propagation, with damage rate increases below 1%, making local destress essential to enhance fracture connectivity. Moreover, the study shows that hydraulic fracture network complexity is directly proportional to gas pressure. Based on these findings, optimized hydraulic fracturing measures are proposed. Field applications indicate that the optimized scheme can significantly reduce coal powder discharge and effectively improve destress, confirming its effectiveness and providing theoretical and practical guidance for optimizing hydraulic fracturing parameters under complex geological conditions.</p>

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Study on the Mechanisms of Tectonic Stress Influence on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月27日

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  • Junwen Zhang,
  • Gaocheng Zhu,
  • Zhixiang Song,
  • Shanyong Wang

摘要

This study focuses on a complex-structure mine in Gansu, aiming to explore the hydraulic fracture propagation mechanism under different tectonic stresses. A seepage–stress–damage-coupled model is established to analyze the effects of the lateral pressure coefficient (K) on fracture initiation, propagation direction, shape, branching tendency, and damage rate. Three typical fracture propagation modes are revealed: when K < 1, fractures propagate vertically with high damage rates, requiring reduced injection pressure to prevent roof penetration; when K = 1, fractures propagate radially, necessitating proper control of fracture network morphology; and when K > 1, high—level stress significantly suppresses fracture propagation, with damage rate increases below 1%, making local destress essential to enhance fracture connectivity. Moreover, the study shows that hydraulic fracture network complexity is directly proportional to gas pressure. Based on these findings, optimized hydraulic fracturing measures are proposed. Field applications indicate that the optimized scheme can significantly reduce coal powder discharge and effectively improve destress, confirming its effectiveness and providing theoretical and practical guidance for optimizing hydraulic fracturing parameters under complex geological conditions.