<p>This paper presents an innovative extended peridynamic method for simulating the fracture processes of rock-like materials, addressing the critical need for improved predictive capabilities in geotechnical engineering. Understanding the mechanical behavior of rocks under various loading conditions is essential for the design and stability of engineering structures. Key advancements of this research include a stress computation model based on a non-local differential operator, which enhances the accuracy of stress calculations. Additionally, a reconstruction of non-local forces under small deformation assumptions is proposed to minimize boundary computation errors, ensuring more reliable results. The study introduces a least-squares optimization technique to solve underdetermined equations, effectively overcoming the limitations of classical bond-based peridynamics regarding Poisson ratio. Furthermore, criteria such as maximum tensile strength and the Mohr–Coulomb criterion are incorporated to accurately describe tensile and shear failure in rocks. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through four comprehensive case studies: deformation of sandstone under tensile loading, sandstone containing two non-coplanar fissures, granite with pre-existing non-coplanar holes, and sandstone with various shapes. The results from these simulations align closely with experimental and theoretical findings, highlighting the method’s robustness and its significant contribution to advancing the understanding of rock behavior in geotechnical applications.</p>