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<p>Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) frequently encounter efficiency challenges in high-stress, hard rock environments. High-pressure waterjet-assisted TBM (HPWA-TBM) technology has shown promise in improving rock-breaking performance; however, the effect of waterjet cutting angle on cutting efficiency remains largely unexplored. This study presents a systematic investigation into the influence of waterjet cutting angles (30°–90°) on TBM cutting efficiency, using a combination of large-scale physical experiments and discrete element simulations (PFC2D). A custom-designed HPWA-TBM test platform was developed to measure penetration force, specific energy (SE), and crack propagation behavior under varying angles. Results show that while penetration force and depth increase with cutting angle, SE follows a parabolic trend, reaching a minimum of 8.27&#xa0;J/cm<sup>3</sup> at 57.9° and achieving maximum rock removal at 62.3°. Numerical simulations reveal dominant tensile crack propagation and optimal fracture-kerf alignment at 60°, which also corresponds to the highest energy efficiency. Compared to conventional TBM methods, HPWA-TBM achieves up to 32.46% reduction in peak force and 74.27% reduction in SE. These findings identify 60° as the optimal cutting angle and bridge a key gap in understanding the role of cutting angle in auxiliary rock-breaking technologies, offering new guidance for adaptive TBM design in hard rock tunneling.</p>

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Influence of Waterjet Cutting Angle on Cutting Efficiency by High-Pressure Waterjet-Assisted TBM

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Chen Xu,
  • Yujie Zhu,
  • Qianyi Wang,
  • Xiaoli Liu,
  • Gaofeng Ren,
  • Sijing Wang

摘要

Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) frequently encounter efficiency challenges in high-stress, hard rock environments. High-pressure waterjet-assisted TBM (HPWA-TBM) technology has shown promise in improving rock-breaking performance; however, the effect of waterjet cutting angle on cutting efficiency remains largely unexplored. This study presents a systematic investigation into the influence of waterjet cutting angles (30°–90°) on TBM cutting efficiency, using a combination of large-scale physical experiments and discrete element simulations (PFC2D). A custom-designed HPWA-TBM test platform was developed to measure penetration force, specific energy (SE), and crack propagation behavior under varying angles. Results show that while penetration force and depth increase with cutting angle, SE follows a parabolic trend, reaching a minimum of 8.27 J/cm3 at 57.9° and achieving maximum rock removal at 62.3°. Numerical simulations reveal dominant tensile crack propagation and optimal fracture-kerf alignment at 60°, which also corresponds to the highest energy efficiency. Compared to conventional TBM methods, HPWA-TBM achieves up to 32.46% reduction in peak force and 74.27% reduction in SE. These findings identify 60° as the optimal cutting angle and bridge a key gap in understanding the role of cutting angle in auxiliary rock-breaking technologies, offering new guidance for adaptive TBM design in hard rock tunneling.