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<p>Radial jet drilling (RJD) is a critical technology for the development of unconventional resources. However, the energy efficiency of the water jet is limited due to jet divergence and short effective standoff distances. The addition of polyacrylamide (PAM) to form a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid has been shown to enhance jet performance. However, the optimal PAM formulation and its rock-breaking characteristics for RJD applications remain unclear. In this work, a rheometer was employed to analyze the viscosity and viscoelasticity of the PAM solution with varying molecular mass and concentrations, identifying an optimal working fluid formulation. Additionally, high-speed imaging and red sandstone impact experiments were conducted to investigate the flow field characteristics and rock-breaking mechanisms of the PAM solution jet. Results indicate that high molecular mass (≥ 22&#xa0;M) and high concentration (≥ 600&#xa0;ppm) PAM solution forms stable network-like micelle structures, significantly enhancing fluid viscoelasticity. The optimal concentration was determined to be 1200&#xa0;ppm, at which the relaxation time reached a minimum of 0.08&#xa0;s. Under conditions of 22&#xa0;M molecular mass and 1200&#xa0;ppm concentration, the PAM reduced the jet divergence angle by 80% and increased jet coherence length by 2.5 times. At a short standoff distance of 10d, the intact erosion crate was created by the PAM solution jet. When the standoff distance was extended to 200d, the PAM solution jet achieved a rock erosion depth twice than that obtained in the water jet. This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of PAM solution jet in RJD technology.</p>

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Experimental Study on the Jet Mechanism and Rock Breaking Performance of Polyacrylamide Solution Jet

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Hongwei Zhang,
  • Zhaolong Ge,
  • Jinming Cui,
  • Sen Wen,
  • Binbin Ge

摘要

Radial jet drilling (RJD) is a critical technology for the development of unconventional resources. However, the energy efficiency of the water jet is limited due to jet divergence and short effective standoff distances. The addition of polyacrylamide (PAM) to form a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid has been shown to enhance jet performance. However, the optimal PAM formulation and its rock-breaking characteristics for RJD applications remain unclear. In this work, a rheometer was employed to analyze the viscosity and viscoelasticity of the PAM solution with varying molecular mass and concentrations, identifying an optimal working fluid formulation. Additionally, high-speed imaging and red sandstone impact experiments were conducted to investigate the flow field characteristics and rock-breaking mechanisms of the PAM solution jet. Results indicate that high molecular mass (≥ 22 M) and high concentration (≥ 600 ppm) PAM solution forms stable network-like micelle structures, significantly enhancing fluid viscoelasticity. The optimal concentration was determined to be 1200 ppm, at which the relaxation time reached a minimum of 0.08 s. Under conditions of 22 M molecular mass and 1200 ppm concentration, the PAM reduced the jet divergence angle by 80% and increased jet coherence length by 2.5 times. At a short standoff distance of 10d, the intact erosion crate was created by the PAM solution jet. When the standoff distance was extended to 200d, the PAM solution jet achieved a rock erosion depth twice than that obtained in the water jet. This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of PAM solution jet in RJD technology.