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<p>In slurry shield tunneling, filter cakes play a vital role in excavation face stabilization and settlement control, yet their disturbance mitigation mechanisms under multiple factors remain poorly understood. This study investigated the influence of filter cake characteristics (type, thickness, permeability) and slurry pressure on stratum disturbance in fully weathered diorite through experimental and numerical analyses. The results show that increasing clay and CMC contents transforms the filter cake from none to a filter cake-permeable zone, and finally to a fully developed filter cake, reducing strata disturbance and ground settlement. The disturbance was mainly confined to one tunnel diameter, with significant local disturbance above the excavation face. Ground settlement showed a trough pattern above the tunnel and a funnel-shaped depression ahead of the excavation face. Slurry pressure effectively suppressed ground settlement and axial deformation, while the permeability coefficient had a moderate effect. Filter cake thickness had negligible influence. Prediction models for max. ground settlement and max. axial deformation, considering slurry pressure and filter cake parameters, were developed. These findings advance the understanding of filter cake’s role in stratum disturbance mitigation, shifting from empirical to mechanism-based design approaches, thereby improving tunneling safety and efficiency.</p>

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Mitigation Effects and Prediction Formulae of Stratum Disturbance by Different Slurry Pressures and Filter Cake Parameters in Slurry Shield Tunneling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Jing Wang,
  • Wang Pan,
  • Yangyang Cao,
  • Yijie Zhang,
  • Xingzhi Ba,
  • Lei Guo,
  • Kai Wang,
  • Xibin Zhang,
  • Yizhe Han

摘要

In slurry shield tunneling, filter cakes play a vital role in excavation face stabilization and settlement control, yet their disturbance mitigation mechanisms under multiple factors remain poorly understood. This study investigated the influence of filter cake characteristics (type, thickness, permeability) and slurry pressure on stratum disturbance in fully weathered diorite through experimental and numerical analyses. The results show that increasing clay and CMC contents transforms the filter cake from none to a filter cake-permeable zone, and finally to a fully developed filter cake, reducing strata disturbance and ground settlement. The disturbance was mainly confined to one tunnel diameter, with significant local disturbance above the excavation face. Ground settlement showed a trough pattern above the tunnel and a funnel-shaped depression ahead of the excavation face. Slurry pressure effectively suppressed ground settlement and axial deformation, while the permeability coefficient had a moderate effect. Filter cake thickness had negligible influence. Prediction models for max. ground settlement and max. axial deformation, considering slurry pressure and filter cake parameters, were developed. These findings advance the understanding of filter cake’s role in stratum disturbance mitigation, shifting from empirical to mechanism-based design approaches, thereby improving tunneling safety and efficiency.