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<p>Tunneling in stratified rock masses in western China often results in large deformations and asymmetric failures due to high in-situ stress and the presence of weak planes. This study investigates the progressive failure mechanisms of stratified rock masses intersected by a weak plane through combined physical model testing and numerical simulation. A physical model using planar element plates is developed based on similarity laws to reproduce excavation-induced deformation and capture the spatiotemporal evolution of failure. The experimental results show that when a weak plane with a dip angle of 33° intersects bedding planes inclined at 45°, the maximum convergence occurs at the intersection between the weak plane and the excavation boundary. The surrounding rock mass is categorized into a progressive bearing zone, a transition zone, and a loosen zone, with the progressive bearing zone exhibiting greater depth and higher strain concentration. A strong correlation between infrared temperature and strain evolution is observed in the progressive bearing zone, but this relationship is not evident in the loosened zone. Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) simulations validate the experimental findings and further reveal that a larger angle between the weak plane and the bedding induces more asymmetric deformation and stress redistribution. These results highlight the critical role of weak plane geometry and position in controlling failure evolution during tunnel excavation in stratified rock masses.</p>

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Experimental Investigation of Excavation-Induced Progressive Failure in Stratified Rock Mass with an Intersecting Weak Plane

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月4日

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  • Wen Nie,
  • Jiachi Zhang,
  • Chundong Shi,
  • Zhaorui Yong,
  • Guowei Ma,
  • Weili Gong

摘要

Tunneling in stratified rock masses in western China often results in large deformations and asymmetric failures due to high in-situ stress and the presence of weak planes. This study investigates the progressive failure mechanisms of stratified rock masses intersected by a weak plane through combined physical model testing and numerical simulation. A physical model using planar element plates is developed based on similarity laws to reproduce excavation-induced deformation and capture the spatiotemporal evolution of failure. The experimental results show that when a weak plane with a dip angle of 33° intersects bedding planes inclined at 45°, the maximum convergence occurs at the intersection between the weak plane and the excavation boundary. The surrounding rock mass is categorized into a progressive bearing zone, a transition zone, and a loosen zone, with the progressive bearing zone exhibiting greater depth and higher strain concentration. A strong correlation between infrared temperature and strain evolution is observed in the progressive bearing zone, but this relationship is not evident in the loosened zone. Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) simulations validate the experimental findings and further reveal that a larger angle between the weak plane and the bedding induces more asymmetric deformation and stress redistribution. These results highlight the critical role of weak plane geometry and position in controlling failure evolution during tunnel excavation in stratified rock masses.