<p>Determining the freezing fronts and evaluating the development of freezing walls can be crucial for ensuring the construction safety. Ground penetrating-radar (GPR) regarded as a rapid non-destructive detection method has been proved its potential capacity for identifying the freezing fronts. However, accurately locating the position of freezing fronts and defects remains significant challenges. Here we developed the theoretical and numerical models for GPR detecting freezing fronts using the correlation back-projection (CBP) method. These models were validated through an indoor GPR test using a 600&#xa0;MHz radar. The results indicate that the quality of GPR images can be significantly improved using the CBP method, enhancing the resolution in detecting and determining the frozen fronts and defects behind shield segments. It thus provides direct evidence that the CBP method can effectively reconstruct the electromagnetic (EM) waves responses and achieve high-resolution identification of freezing states. These findings highlight the potential of GPR in tunnel freezing engineering and suggest a new strategy for cooperative monitoring of freezing walls.</p>

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Detection of the Development of Artificial Freezing Walls in Shield Tunnels Using GPR and Correlation Back-Projection Algorithm

  • Xinhao Yu,
  • Zhuang Chen,
  • Diansen Yang,
  • Shaishai Zhao,
  • Fangzheng Li,
  • Wei Gao,
  • Linghui Kong,
  • Junwei Xu

摘要

Determining the freezing fronts and evaluating the development of freezing walls can be crucial for ensuring the construction safety. Ground penetrating-radar (GPR) regarded as a rapid non-destructive detection method has been proved its potential capacity for identifying the freezing fronts. However, accurately locating the position of freezing fronts and defects remains significant challenges. Here we developed the theoretical and numerical models for GPR detecting freezing fronts using the correlation back-projection (CBP) method. These models were validated through an indoor GPR test using a 600 MHz radar. The results indicate that the quality of GPR images can be significantly improved using the CBP method, enhancing the resolution in detecting and determining the frozen fronts and defects behind shield segments. It thus provides direct evidence that the CBP method can effectively reconstruct the electromagnetic (EM) waves responses and achieve high-resolution identification of freezing states. These findings highlight the potential of GPR in tunnel freezing engineering and suggest a new strategy for cooperative monitoring of freezing walls.