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<p>Recent advancements in laser scanning technology and deep learning have enabled novel approaches for measuring rock bolt load by analyzing deformation fields of bearing plates. Building on these developments, a critical challenge was raised that the plastic deformation and mechanical error of bearing plate may significantly influence the measurement accuracy of bolt load. Thus, understanding the mechanical behavior of the bearing plate, particularly its plastic deformation, is of great importance for ensuring the measurement accuracy of the proposed approach and evaluating its effectiveness in providing surface support under conditions of high rock deformation. For this purpose, in this study, extensive laboratory tests were performed in the laboratory to investigate the mechanical behavior of bearing plates under different rock bolting conditions, including bolt loads, rock types, and installation conditions. It is found that the hemispheric and flat regions of the bearing plate exhibit distinct deformation characteristics, with the flat region being particularly prone to plastic deformation, especially in softer rock and under less-favorable installation conditions. Furthermore, an onsite method was developed to invert mechanical error fields, achieving an accuracy of 0.18–0.27 mm and thereby improving the precision of rock bolt load assessments by accounting for initial mechanical errors. In addition, a novel approach was proposed to estimate the historical maximum bolt load independently of the loading path, achieving an accuracy of approximately 3.5&#xa0;kN. These advancements provide a more accurate foundation for rock bolt load evaluation and practical guidance for optimizing support system parameters in mining and underground engineering. </p>

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Investigation on the Elastic–Plastic Deformation of Bearing Plates for Rock Bolting System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月25日

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  • Wenju Liu,
  • Fuqiang Gao,
  • Shuangyong Dong,
  • Chunyang Cui,
  • Xiaoqing Wang,
  • Guiyang Yuan,
  • Shuwen Cao

摘要

Recent advancements in laser scanning technology and deep learning have enabled novel approaches for measuring rock bolt load by analyzing deformation fields of bearing plates. Building on these developments, a critical challenge was raised that the plastic deformation and mechanical error of bearing plate may significantly influence the measurement accuracy of bolt load. Thus, understanding the mechanical behavior of the bearing plate, particularly its plastic deformation, is of great importance for ensuring the measurement accuracy of the proposed approach and evaluating its effectiveness in providing surface support under conditions of high rock deformation. For this purpose, in this study, extensive laboratory tests were performed in the laboratory to investigate the mechanical behavior of bearing plates under different rock bolting conditions, including bolt loads, rock types, and installation conditions. It is found that the hemispheric and flat regions of the bearing plate exhibit distinct deformation characteristics, with the flat region being particularly prone to plastic deformation, especially in softer rock and under less-favorable installation conditions. Furthermore, an onsite method was developed to invert mechanical error fields, achieving an accuracy of 0.18–0.27 mm and thereby improving the precision of rock bolt load assessments by accounting for initial mechanical errors. In addition, a novel approach was proposed to estimate the historical maximum bolt load independently of the loading path, achieving an accuracy of approximately 3.5 kN. These advancements provide a more accurate foundation for rock bolt load evaluation and practical guidance for optimizing support system parameters in mining and underground engineering.