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<p>This paper presents applications of 3D printing to investigate the failure mechanism of a fractured rock sample under the coupling effect of stress–seepage. 3D printing technology was used to prepare fracture inserts covering ten levels of surface roughness (<i>JRC</i> = 1–10), four different fracture thicknesses (1&#xa0;mm, 2&#xa0;mm, 4&#xa0;mm and 5&#xa0;mm) and four types of geometric structures (2 equal, three equal, four equal and five equal). Permeability tests were carried out to study the factors influencing the test scale on the permeability characteristics of the rock mass. The results show that permeability decreases with increasing fracture roughness. This behaviour, as expected, is less pronounced in samples with larger fracture apertures. The results show that, in order of increasing importance, the permeability of the fractured rock samples depends on confining pressure, fracture aperture, network geometry and fracture surface roughness. A dimensionless parametric area ratio of fracture connection <i>β</i> is proposed when looking at the problem from a quantitative perspective and based on the physical mechanism of seepage in fractured channels; using this approach, it is possible to reduce the dimensional influence of the experimental scale.</p>

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Investigation of Permeability Characteristics of Rock Under Confining Pressure–Fracture Coupling Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月25日

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  • Yuzhe Zhang,
  • Xiong Wu,
  • Qiang Wu,
  • Davide Elmo,
  • Yuanyang Lyu,
  • Min Yang

摘要

This paper presents applications of 3D printing to investigate the failure mechanism of a fractured rock sample under the coupling effect of stress–seepage. 3D printing technology was used to prepare fracture inserts covering ten levels of surface roughness (JRC = 1–10), four different fracture thicknesses (1 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm) and four types of geometric structures (2 equal, three equal, four equal and five equal). Permeability tests were carried out to study the factors influencing the test scale on the permeability characteristics of the rock mass. The results show that permeability decreases with increasing fracture roughness. This behaviour, as expected, is less pronounced in samples with larger fracture apertures. The results show that, in order of increasing importance, the permeability of the fractured rock samples depends on confining pressure, fracture aperture, network geometry and fracture surface roughness. A dimensionless parametric area ratio of fracture connection β is proposed when looking at the problem from a quantitative perspective and based on the physical mechanism of seepage in fractured channels; using this approach, it is possible to reduce the dimensional influence of the experimental scale.