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<p>Electrical resistivity tomography is a common technique for monitoring the crack propagation range and path of hydraulic fracturing. To supplement the shortcomings of electrical monitoring, this paper designs a simple and effective experimental system to monitor resistivity changes during hydraulic fracturing in rock masses. The study investigated the response characteristics of resistivity throughout the experiment, explained the mechanisms of resistivity fluctuations during hydraulic fracturing, revealed the formation patterns of resistivity peaks, and analyzed the impact of crack paths on resistivity. For the first time, the method of bridging with a conductor was employed to eliminate the potential imbalance between the electrode plate and the fracturing pipe. This approach created a stable electric field among the electrode plate, the rock, and the fracturing pipe, thereby reducing the monitoring cycle of resistivity using the parallel plate electrode method. RSD (Resistivity standard deviations) analysis indicates that resistivity fluctuations are attributed to the generation of major cracks and the formation and propagation of microcracks. Correlation analysis was used to identify the main controlling factors of resistivity changes, and the results showed that resistivity is quite sensitive to changes in the number of cracks. As cracks propagate, resistivity initially increases and then decreases, forming a “zigzag” curve. The more hydraulic cracks there are, the greater the maximum change in resistivity, which can reach up to 75%. With the increase of cracks, the proportion of tensile cracks decreases gradually, and the proportion of shear cracks increases gradually. AE (acoustic emission) moment tensor inversion shows that tensile cracks form near the fracturing pipe, while shear cracks form at the outer ends of cracks. The crack propagation is equivalent to a “series–parallel” circuit, and a model for resistivity changes due to crack propagation is proposed. The model indicates that the crack propagation path does not affect the change in resistance, and the formation of resistivity “peaks” is influenced by the crack propagation width and water content. This study is expected to further supplement electrical monitoring of hydraulic crack propagation processes and guide engineering practice.</p>

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Study on Acoustic Emission-Resistivity Response of Hydraulic Fracturing in Rock-Like Samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月2日

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  • Jisheng Sui,
  • Lianchong Li,
  • Wenqiang Mu,
  • Jian Lu,
  • Liming Liu,
  • Cheng Gu

摘要

Electrical resistivity tomography is a common technique for monitoring the crack propagation range and path of hydraulic fracturing. To supplement the shortcomings of electrical monitoring, this paper designs a simple and effective experimental system to monitor resistivity changes during hydraulic fracturing in rock masses. The study investigated the response characteristics of resistivity throughout the experiment, explained the mechanisms of resistivity fluctuations during hydraulic fracturing, revealed the formation patterns of resistivity peaks, and analyzed the impact of crack paths on resistivity. For the first time, the method of bridging with a conductor was employed to eliminate the potential imbalance between the electrode plate and the fracturing pipe. This approach created a stable electric field among the electrode plate, the rock, and the fracturing pipe, thereby reducing the monitoring cycle of resistivity using the parallel plate electrode method. RSD (Resistivity standard deviations) analysis indicates that resistivity fluctuations are attributed to the generation of major cracks and the formation and propagation of microcracks. Correlation analysis was used to identify the main controlling factors of resistivity changes, and the results showed that resistivity is quite sensitive to changes in the number of cracks. As cracks propagate, resistivity initially increases and then decreases, forming a “zigzag” curve. The more hydraulic cracks there are, the greater the maximum change in resistivity, which can reach up to 75%. With the increase of cracks, the proportion of tensile cracks decreases gradually, and the proportion of shear cracks increases gradually. AE (acoustic emission) moment tensor inversion shows that tensile cracks form near the fracturing pipe, while shear cracks form at the outer ends of cracks. The crack propagation is equivalent to a “series–parallel” circuit, and a model for resistivity changes due to crack propagation is proposed. The model indicates that the crack propagation path does not affect the change in resistance, and the formation of resistivity “peaks” is influenced by the crack propagation width and water content. This study is expected to further supplement electrical monitoring of hydraulic crack propagation processes and guide engineering practice.