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<p>There exists a close chain reaction relationship between triggering factors and landslide deformation. The alteration of one or more triggering factors can initiate a series of chain reactions that ultimately lead to landslide deformation. This research focuses on the Tanjiahe landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as a case study. By integrating hydrological, meteorological, and 10&#xa0;years of monitoring data, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the characteristics of landslide deformation and its chain mechanism under the combined influence of rainfall, reservoir water, and groundwater. The Tanjiahe landslide exhibits a distinctive pushing deformation pattern attributed to specific geological conditions and triggering factors. Deformation primarily occurs from November to August of the following year, with a weakening trend observed from September to October as reservoir water level (RWL) rises and rainfall decreases. The study found that the interaction among rainfall, reservoir water, and groundwater initiates a chain reaction that leads to landslide deformation. These factors significantly influence landslide deformation by altering the distribution and conditions of groundwater. The research identified heavy rainfall, RWL drawdown, and high RWL as crucial factors influencing landslide deformation. Specifically, when the cumulative rainfall over three consecutive days exceeds 50&#xa0;mm or the RWL approaches 175&#xa0;m, the groundwater levels at QSK1 and QSK2 rise significantly to approximately 245&#xa0;m and 183&#xa0;m, respectively, resulting in a marked increase in the risk of landslide deformation. To gain a deeper understanding of this process, a two-dimensional mechanical–hydraulic simulating model of the Tanjiahe landslide was developed using the UDEC program. Through discrete-element simulation technology, the landslide deformation process from 2017 to 2018 was replicated, elucidating the relationship between rainfall, reservoir water, and groundwater. This simulation provides valuable insights into the chain reaction connecting triggering factors and landslide deformation. By inputting rainfall data, it becomes feasible to simulate and forecast changes in groundwater levels and landslide deformation. The findings of this study offer practical insights and inspiration for landslide monitoring and early warning systems.</p>

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Deformation Characteristics and Chain Mechanism of the Tanjiahe Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Under the Synergistic Effect of Rainfall, Reservoir Water, and Groundwater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月23日

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  • Biao Wang,
  • Qingjun Zuo,
  • Maolin Deng,
  • Qinglin Yi,
  • Longchuan Liu,
  • Yang Liu

摘要

There exists a close chain reaction relationship between triggering factors and landslide deformation. The alteration of one or more triggering factors can initiate a series of chain reactions that ultimately lead to landslide deformation. This research focuses on the Tanjiahe landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as a case study. By integrating hydrological, meteorological, and 10 years of monitoring data, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the characteristics of landslide deformation and its chain mechanism under the combined influence of rainfall, reservoir water, and groundwater. The Tanjiahe landslide exhibits a distinctive pushing deformation pattern attributed to specific geological conditions and triggering factors. Deformation primarily occurs from November to August of the following year, with a weakening trend observed from September to October as reservoir water level (RWL) rises and rainfall decreases. The study found that the interaction among rainfall, reservoir water, and groundwater initiates a chain reaction that leads to landslide deformation. These factors significantly influence landslide deformation by altering the distribution and conditions of groundwater. The research identified heavy rainfall, RWL drawdown, and high RWL as crucial factors influencing landslide deformation. Specifically, when the cumulative rainfall over three consecutive days exceeds 50 mm or the RWL approaches 175 m, the groundwater levels at QSK1 and QSK2 rise significantly to approximately 245 m and 183 m, respectively, resulting in a marked increase in the risk of landslide deformation. To gain a deeper understanding of this process, a two-dimensional mechanical–hydraulic simulating model of the Tanjiahe landslide was developed using the UDEC program. Through discrete-element simulation technology, the landslide deformation process from 2017 to 2018 was replicated, elucidating the relationship between rainfall, reservoir water, and groundwater. This simulation provides valuable insights into the chain reaction connecting triggering factors and landslide deformation. By inputting rainfall data, it becomes feasible to simulate and forecast changes in groundwater levels and landslide deformation. The findings of this study offer practical insights and inspiration for landslide monitoring and early warning systems.