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<p>Mining-induced tremor is a kind of small-scale earthquake. As the coal mining goes deeper, strong mine tremors (SMTs) frequently occur, which seriously threaten the safety of people’s lives and properties. Based on a true three-dimensional (3D) geo-mechanical model test, we reproduce the phenomenon of the spontaneous SMTs induced by the breakage of high thick-and-hard overlying strata (HTHOS). The distribution and variation of different physical formation during mining, including microseismic events (MS), acoustic emission (AE) events, displacement, stress, and strain during the test are comprehensively analyzed. Test results show that with the increasing of the gob area, the rock layers gradually collapse upward and form a growing inverted funnel-type&#xa0;caving zone between the HTHOS and the coal seam. As a result, the flexural deformation of the HTHOS is increasing, and both the vertical and horizontal stresses are transferring to the HTHOS, which leads to the increasing strain energy in the HTHOS. Eventually, when the energy increases to the critical value, it is released suddenly and violently, which induces SMTs. More importantly, we have obtained three reliable geotechnical precursors of SMTs, namely, the nucleation phenomenon of the density and energy clouds of MS events in HTHOS, the peak value of the front abutment pressure close to the longwall panel increases to 2.4–4.3 times the far-field vertical stress, and the occurrence of an unstable stage of strain curve of HTHOS. The reproduction of spontaneous SMTs through the experiment will provide an important test basis for further theoretical and numerical studies.</p>

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Geo-mechanical Model Test on Strong Mine Tremors Induced by the Breakage of High Thick-and-Hard Overlying Strata During Longwall Coal Retreat Mining

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月8日

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  • Hanxiang Lin,
  • Qiangyong Zhang,
  • Kang Duan,
  • Pengfei Wang,
  • Xiufeng Zhang,
  • Chuancheng Liu,
  • Changpeng Chen,
  • Yu Zhao

摘要

Mining-induced tremor is a kind of small-scale earthquake. As the coal mining goes deeper, strong mine tremors (SMTs) frequently occur, which seriously threaten the safety of people’s lives and properties. Based on a true three-dimensional (3D) geo-mechanical model test, we reproduce the phenomenon of the spontaneous SMTs induced by the breakage of high thick-and-hard overlying strata (HTHOS). The distribution and variation of different physical formation during mining, including microseismic events (MS), acoustic emission (AE) events, displacement, stress, and strain during the test are comprehensively analyzed. Test results show that with the increasing of the gob area, the rock layers gradually collapse upward and form a growing inverted funnel-type caving zone between the HTHOS and the coal seam. As a result, the flexural deformation of the HTHOS is increasing, and both the vertical and horizontal stresses are transferring to the HTHOS, which leads to the increasing strain energy in the HTHOS. Eventually, when the energy increases to the critical value, it is released suddenly and violently, which induces SMTs. More importantly, we have obtained three reliable geotechnical precursors of SMTs, namely, the nucleation phenomenon of the density and energy clouds of MS events in HTHOS, the peak value of the front abutment pressure close to the longwall panel increases to 2.4–4.3 times the far-field vertical stress, and the occurrence of an unstable stage of strain curve of HTHOS. The reproduction of spontaneous SMTs through the experiment will provide an important test basis for further theoretical and numerical studies.