Water Permeability and Swelling Characteristics of Callovo-Oxfordian Claystone: Summary of Laboratory Studies on Intact and Cracked Samples
摘要
A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to examine the water permeability and swelling characteristics of a clay-rich rock, Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone sourced from Bure, France. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of unpublished experimental data collected over more than 4 years. The intact sample water permeability was investigated through classic steady-state tests. Self-sealing tests were done under low-confinement conditions on macro-cracked samples. Finally, swelling tests were carried out to examine the swelling behavior of the claystone matrix and the effect of micro-cracking. Classic steady-state test results showed the water permeability of intact samples varies between 10–21 and 10–20 m2. The water permeability decreased with the effective stress, as the effect of injection pressure variation plays a more significant role on permeability decrease than confining pressure changes. Self-sealing tests demonstrated that ‘self-sealed’ water permeability can be close to intact values, indicating excellent sealing capacity in water transport. Swelling tests revealed that the COx claystone matrix swelling primarily depends on smectite content, while micro-cracking leads to larger swelling amplitude and faster kinetics.