3D Modelling of Destress Slots at a Scandinavian Mine
摘要
Destressing in underground hard-rock mines has been practiced for at least 70 years. It is conducted by specialized blasting in areas under high-stress regimes (destressing), or where these conditions are expected to occur in the future (preconditioning). Excavations such as horizontal cuts and vertical slots are also used to create stress shadows. Destress slotting was used at the Pyhäsalmi mine in Finland—an operation producing copper, zinc, and pyrite—where stopes in a parallel deposit were mined ahead of the ones in the main orebody, or where it was excavated within the latter at further depth. In this study, a simplified model of the mine is constructed in FLAC3D to examine the extent and impact of stress shadows created due to destress slotting. Two sequences are examined with the technique being implemented first in the parallel deposit, and then within the main orebody at further depth. Results indicate that the major principal (σ1) and minor principal (σ3) stress redistributions in the main orebody and adjacent alteration zones are very different for the two approaches. The σ1 and σ3 stress shadows are observed to be responsible for destressing but extend in different directions, which change between the parallel deposit and in-stope slotting techniques. Furthermore, σ1 concentration zones are identified where stresses are transferred during the slot excavation process. Maximum shear stresses are also observed to increase at several locations, but remain below the threshold for major rockbursting potential. Finally, the interaction of stress shadows with weak alteration zones is assessed, and valuable insights are obtained with respect to design.