Purpose <p>To identify the clinical factors associated with surgical difficulty in minimally invasive right hemicolectomy (RHC), including that performed with robotic surgery (RS).</p> Methods <p>The subjects of this retrospective study were patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic RHC for primary colon adenocarcinoma at Shizuoka Cancer Center between April 2014 and March 2025. Surgical difficulty was assessed comprehensively based on postoperative short-term outcomes, including operative time, conversion, blood loss, hospital stay, and complications.</p> Results <p>Among a total 540 patients, 70 (13.0%) were categorized as having high surgical difficulty. A total of 181 (33.5%) and 359 (66.5%) patients underwent robotic and laparoscopic RHC, respectively. Univariate analysis identified a visceral fat area ≥100 cm², tumor size ≥5&#xa0;cm, advanced clinical stage, and laparoscopic approach as significant factors associated with high surgical difficulty. Multivariate analysis identified a high visceral fat area (odds ratio [OR] = 3.89, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and a large tumor size (OR = 2.78, <i>p</i> = 0.004) as independent risk factors for increased surgical difficulty. Conversely, RS was associated with reduced surgical difficulty (OR = 0.53, <i>p</i> = 0.035).</p> Conclusions <p>Visceral obesity and large tumor size may be associated with increased surgical difficulty, whereas RS may contribute to reducing the difficulty.</p>