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Objective <p>The short-term outcomes of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Mis-TLIF) and Open TLIF (O-TLIF) have been reported in previous studies. However, the long-term clinical outcomes of both procedures have been rarely reported. This study was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of single-segment Mis-TLIF with O-TLIF at a minimum of 5 years of follow-up.</p> Methods <p>This study retrospectively analyzed the prospectively collected clinical outcomes of patients who underwent single-segment Mis-TLIF and O-TLIF for lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) from January 2016 to April 2019. The primary outcome measure was Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) 5 years postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores at 2, and 5 years and ODI at 2 years postoperatively. In addition, we calculated the rate of surgical complications, surgical time (ST), estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative drainage volume (PDV), and length of hospital stay (LOS) for both groups.</p> Results <p>There was no significant difference in demographic data, including sex, age, BMI, and comorbidities between the two groups of patients. The ST in the O-TLIF group was significantly lower than that in the Mis-TLIF group, while there was no significant difference in EBL. The PDV and LOS in the O-TLIF group were significantly higher than those in the Mis-TLIF group. Additionally, there was no significant difference in VAS scores of LBP and LP and ODI between the two groups before surgery, 2 years and 5 years after surgery, respectively. The complication rate was slightly higher in the O-TLIF group, but this difference was not significant (14.7% vs. 9.4%, <i>P</i> = 0.207). The reoperation rate in the O-TLIF group was significantly higher than that in the Mis-TLIF group (8.8% vs. 2.2%, <i>P</i> = 0.032).</p> Conclusion <p>Although Mis-TLIF has better perioperative outcomes, from the 5-year follow-up, the clinical outcomes of Mis-TLIF and O-TLIF were generally consistent. However, the O-TLIF procedure may result in a higher reoperation rate.</p>

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Long-term clinical outcomes of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Mis-TLIF) compared with open TLIF(O-TLIF): A retrospective cohort study for at least 5 years

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Fengzhao Zhu,
  • Ya Ning,
  • Xue Leng,
  • Changqing Li,
  • Bo Huang

摘要

Objective

The short-term outcomes of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Mis-TLIF) and Open TLIF (O-TLIF) have been reported in previous studies. However, the long-term clinical outcomes of both procedures have been rarely reported. This study was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of single-segment Mis-TLIF with O-TLIF at a minimum of 5 years of follow-up.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed the prospectively collected clinical outcomes of patients who underwent single-segment Mis-TLIF and O-TLIF for lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) from January 2016 to April 2019. The primary outcome measure was Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) 5 years postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores at 2, and 5 years and ODI at 2 years postoperatively. In addition, we calculated the rate of surgical complications, surgical time (ST), estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative drainage volume (PDV), and length of hospital stay (LOS) for both groups.

Results

There was no significant difference in demographic data, including sex, age, BMI, and comorbidities between the two groups of patients. The ST in the O-TLIF group was significantly lower than that in the Mis-TLIF group, while there was no significant difference in EBL. The PDV and LOS in the O-TLIF group were significantly higher than those in the Mis-TLIF group. Additionally, there was no significant difference in VAS scores of LBP and LP and ODI between the two groups before surgery, 2 years and 5 years after surgery, respectively. The complication rate was slightly higher in the O-TLIF group, but this difference was not significant (14.7% vs. 9.4%, P = 0.207). The reoperation rate in the O-TLIF group was significantly higher than that in the Mis-TLIF group (8.8% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.032).

Conclusion

Although Mis-TLIF has better perioperative outcomes, from the 5-year follow-up, the clinical outcomes of Mis-TLIF and O-TLIF were generally consistent. However, the O-TLIF procedure may result in a higher reoperation rate.