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<p>Newcastle disease (ND) remains a persistent threat that undermines vaccination programs and complicates efforts to prevent production and other economic losses in poultry production worldwide. Conventional oral live vaccines have significant limitations in preventing viral shedding and pathology, with studies showing that standard drinking water delivery can result in continuous oropharyngeal and cloacal shedding up to 14&#xa0;days post-challenge, despite providing clinical protection. The purpose of this study is to directly compare the efficacy of a mucoadhesive microbead (Muco) ND vaccine with a conventional oral (Conv) vaccine across the clinical parameters of survival, viral shedding, and clinicopathological outcomes. Cockerels were divided into groups: unvaccinated controls (positive/negative), Conv-Prime (G3), Conv-Prime-Boost (G4), Muco-Prime (G5), Muco-Prime-Boost (G6), and blank-bead control (G7). Groups were challenged with virulent NDV (vNDV) and monitored for survival, clinical signs, viral shedding (cloacal/oropharyngeal), and gross/histopathological lesions. The Muco-Prime-Boost regimen delivered clinical protection, devoid of any post-challenge virus shedding, and no gross and histopathological lesions. In great contrast, in Conv-Prime-Boost, 90% survival was observed at the expense of significant viral shedding and mildto&#xa0;moderate pathology. Single-dose regimens were inferior, and controls demonstrated severe disease and high mortality. The mucoadhesive microbead delivery system, especially in a prime-boost regimen, is considerably better than conventional vaccination involved in oral vaccination to not only prevent mortality but also eliminate the risk for transmission through shedding and abrogate disease-induced pathology.</p>

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Comparative efficacy of mucoadhesive microbead and conventional oral Newcastle disease vaccination on survival, viral shedding, and pathology in cockerels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Olawale Olawumi Ola,
  • Victor Adedapo Olojede,
  • Theophilus Aghogho Jarikre,
  • Derrick Adu-Asare,
  • Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe,
  • Michael Ayodele Odeniyi

摘要

Newcastle disease (ND) remains a persistent threat that undermines vaccination programs and complicates efforts to prevent production and other economic losses in poultry production worldwide. Conventional oral live vaccines have significant limitations in preventing viral shedding and pathology, with studies showing that standard drinking water delivery can result in continuous oropharyngeal and cloacal shedding up to 14 days post-challenge, despite providing clinical protection. The purpose of this study is to directly compare the efficacy of a mucoadhesive microbead (Muco) ND vaccine with a conventional oral (Conv) vaccine across the clinical parameters of survival, viral shedding, and clinicopathological outcomes. Cockerels were divided into groups: unvaccinated controls (positive/negative), Conv-Prime (G3), Conv-Prime-Boost (G4), Muco-Prime (G5), Muco-Prime-Boost (G6), and blank-bead control (G7). Groups were challenged with virulent NDV (vNDV) and monitored for survival, clinical signs, viral shedding (cloacal/oropharyngeal), and gross/histopathological lesions. The Muco-Prime-Boost regimen delivered clinical protection, devoid of any post-challenge virus shedding, and no gross and histopathological lesions. In great contrast, in Conv-Prime-Boost, 90% survival was observed at the expense of significant viral shedding and mildto moderate pathology. Single-dose regimens were inferior, and controls demonstrated severe disease and high mortality. The mucoadhesive microbead delivery system, especially in a prime-boost regimen, is considerably better than conventional vaccination involved in oral vaccination to not only prevent mortality but also eliminate the risk for transmission through shedding and abrogate disease-induced pathology.