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<p>This study evaluated the impacts of graded dietary <i>Xanthium strumarium</i> powder supplementation on growth, hematology, and physiological responses in common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio carpio</i>). The experimental trial was conducted at the Fish Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Iraq. Thirty-six common carp were randomly distributed into four treatment groups receiving diets supplemented with 0% (control), 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% <i>X. strumarium</i> powder for 45 days under controlled environmental conditions. Growth metrics reveal significant enhancements, with final weights (FW) increasing from 119.6 ± 4.83 g in controls to 130.9 ± 1.12 g in the highest supplementation group (<i>p</i> = 0.0394). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved from 6.84 ± 1.5 to 4.36 ± 0.025; on the other hand, Fulton condition factor (K) elevated from 2.11 ± 0.18 to 3.17 ± 0.16. White blood cell counts (WBCs) showed pronounced enhancement, with an increase from 3.19 ± 0.43 × 10<sup>3</sup>/µL to 11.7 ± 0.46 × 10<sup>3</sup>/µL (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Lipid profile analysis revealed beneficial metabolic shifts, including a reduction in total cholesterol from 5.65 ± 0.8 mm/L to 2.55 ± 0.005 mm/L and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) from 1.53 ± 0.058 mm/L to 2.56 ± 0.23 mm/L. However, hematological analysis indicated the development of microcytic anemia, with hemoglobin (HGB) decreasing from 0.57 ± 0.076 g/dL to 0.19 ± 0.043 g/dL (<i>p</i> = 0.0112). Furthermore, serum creatinine levels increased substantially from 3.76 ± 0.18 to 10.85 ± 0.21 at higher supplementation doses, suggesting potential nephrotoxicity. The study concludes that moderate <i>X. strumarium</i> supplementation (2.5–5%) enhances growth performance and immune function in <i>C. carpio.</i></p>

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Evaluation of Xanthium strumarium on Cyprinus carpio growth, wellness, and physiological responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Basim S. A. Al Sulivany,
  • Nasreen Mohialddin Abdulrahman,
  • Muhammad Owais,
  • Diya Baxtiar Xalid,
  • Sima Yasin Abdullah,
  • Yaran Muhammed Najmadin

摘要

This study evaluated the impacts of graded dietary Xanthium strumarium powder supplementation on growth, hematology, and physiological responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio). The experimental trial was conducted at the Fish Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Iraq. Thirty-six common carp were randomly distributed into four treatment groups receiving diets supplemented with 0% (control), 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% X. strumarium powder for 45 days under controlled environmental conditions. Growth metrics reveal significant enhancements, with final weights (FW) increasing from 119.6 ± 4.83 g in controls to 130.9 ± 1.12 g in the highest supplementation group (p = 0.0394). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved from 6.84 ± 1.5 to 4.36 ± 0.025; on the other hand, Fulton condition factor (K) elevated from 2.11 ± 0.18 to 3.17 ± 0.16. White blood cell counts (WBCs) showed pronounced enhancement, with an increase from 3.19 ± 0.43 × 103/µL to 11.7 ± 0.46 × 103/µL (p < 0.0001). Lipid profile analysis revealed beneficial metabolic shifts, including a reduction in total cholesterol from 5.65 ± 0.8 mm/L to 2.55 ± 0.005 mm/L and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) from 1.53 ± 0.058 mm/L to 2.56 ± 0.23 mm/L. However, hematological analysis indicated the development of microcytic anemia, with hemoglobin (HGB) decreasing from 0.57 ± 0.076 g/dL to 0.19 ± 0.043 g/dL (p = 0.0112). Furthermore, serum creatinine levels increased substantially from 3.76 ± 0.18 to 10.85 ± 0.21 at higher supplementation doses, suggesting potential nephrotoxicity. The study concludes that moderate X. strumarium supplementation (2.5–5%) enhances growth performance and immune function in C. carpio.