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<p>Bladder cancer (BCa) is a prevalent malignancy. It ranks as the seventh most common cancer, and the 13th most common cause of cancer mortality, particularly in Egypt, where it has been the most common cancer for the past 50&#xa0;years. Genetic and inflammatory factors may influence its risk and prognosis. To evaluate the association of FGFR3 gene polymorphisms (rs28931614) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) serum levels with BCa risk and survival in Egyptian patients. A case–control study included 100 BCa patients from Mansoura University Urology and Nephrology Center and 100 healthy controls. It evaluated risk, diagnosis, and prognosis of BCa. FGFR3 genotyping was performed using PCR-ARMS, and IL-1β levels were measured via ELISA. BCa patients showed significantly higher frequencies of FGFR3 GA, AA genotypes, dominant and recessive models, and A allele compared to controls (<i>P</i>-values ranging from 0.003 to 0.039). Median IL-1β levels were elevated in BCa patients (14.35&#xa0;pg/mL) versus controls (8.9&#xa0;pg/mL, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Stratification by FGFR3 genotypes and IL-1β levels revealed that patients with low IL-1β and wild-type FGFR3 had the highest overall survival (OS) probability (97.6%), while high IL-1β with variant FGFR3 or low IL-1β with variant FGFR3 indicated poorer prognosis. The AA genotype and high IL-1β were linked to shorter OS. FGFR3 rs28931614 polymorphisms and elevated IL-1β levels are associated with increased BCa risk and reduced survival, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.</p>

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Combining prognostic value of FGFR3 polymorphism and interleukin-1β status for enhanced prognostic stratification in bladder cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Afaf M. Elsaid,
  • Riyad T. Mukhlif,
  • Manar Abdelkhalek,
  • Hassan Abol-Enein,
  • Magdy M. Youssef

摘要

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a prevalent malignancy. It ranks as the seventh most common cancer, and the 13th most common cause of cancer mortality, particularly in Egypt, where it has been the most common cancer for the past 50 years. Genetic and inflammatory factors may influence its risk and prognosis. To evaluate the association of FGFR3 gene polymorphisms (rs28931614) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) serum levels with BCa risk and survival in Egyptian patients. A case–control study included 100 BCa patients from Mansoura University Urology and Nephrology Center and 100 healthy controls. It evaluated risk, diagnosis, and prognosis of BCa. FGFR3 genotyping was performed using PCR-ARMS, and IL-1β levels were measured via ELISA. BCa patients showed significantly higher frequencies of FGFR3 GA, AA genotypes, dominant and recessive models, and A allele compared to controls (P-values ranging from 0.003 to 0.039). Median IL-1β levels were elevated in BCa patients (14.35 pg/mL) versus controls (8.9 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Stratification by FGFR3 genotypes and IL-1β levels revealed that patients with low IL-1β and wild-type FGFR3 had the highest overall survival (OS) probability (97.6%), while high IL-1β with variant FGFR3 or low IL-1β with variant FGFR3 indicated poorer prognosis. The AA genotype and high IL-1β were linked to shorter OS. FGFR3 rs28931614 polymorphisms and elevated IL-1β levels are associated with increased BCa risk and reduced survival, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.