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<p>The development of antidiabetic therapies has increasingly focused on medicinal plants due to their bioactive phytoconstituents and reduced side effects compared with synthetic drugs. The present study evaluated the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of <i>Celtis occidentalis</i> leaf extract in experimental models of diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress. Crude leaf extract was prepared using a rotary evaporator and characterized for polyphenolic composition and purity using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Both in vitro and in vivo investigations were conducted. Forty Wister albino rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) were randomly divided into five groups (<i>n</i> = 8): control, diabetic, standard drug (glibenclamide), and two extract-treated diabetic groups (Ex<sub>1</sub>-D-G &amp; Ex<sub>2</sub>D-G). Biochemical parameters including blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, renal and liver function markers, cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH), and oxidative stress indices (MDA, TBARS) were assessed. Enzyme inhibition assays against α-glucosidase and α-amylase were also performed. HPLC-DAD analysis identified 23 polyphenolic compounds with 3 putatively novel to <i>Celtis occindentalis</i>. Diabetes induction significantly elevated plasma glucose levels (&gt; 290 mg/dL), whereas extract treatment markedly reduced blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin, comparable to glibenclamide. The extract also restored lipid metabolism, organ function markers, antioxidant status, and inflammatory cytokines. Strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was observed, approaching standard drug efficacy. Histopathological analysis revealed significant protection and restoration of liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues in extract-treated groups. Overall, <i>C. occidentalis</i> leaf extract exhibits potent antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, supporting its therapeutic potential in diabetes management.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Evaluation of putatively novel phytocompounds and therapeutic potential of the methanolic extract of Celtis occidentalis against alloxan-intoxicated diabetes in rats: in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic and antioxidant assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Abdul Muhsin,
  • Dil Naz,
  • Sawaira Nazir,
  • Muhammad Waleed

摘要

The development of antidiabetic therapies has increasingly focused on medicinal plants due to their bioactive phytoconstituents and reduced side effects compared with synthetic drugs. The present study evaluated the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Celtis occidentalis leaf extract in experimental models of diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress. Crude leaf extract was prepared using a rotary evaporator and characterized for polyphenolic composition and purity using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Both in vitro and in vivo investigations were conducted. Forty Wister albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8): control, diabetic, standard drug (glibenclamide), and two extract-treated diabetic groups (Ex1-D-G & Ex2D-G). Biochemical parameters including blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, renal and liver function markers, cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH), and oxidative stress indices (MDA, TBARS) were assessed. Enzyme inhibition assays against α-glucosidase and α-amylase were also performed. HPLC-DAD analysis identified 23 polyphenolic compounds with 3 putatively novel to Celtis occindentalis. Diabetes induction significantly elevated plasma glucose levels (> 290 mg/dL), whereas extract treatment markedly reduced blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin, comparable to glibenclamide. The extract also restored lipid metabolism, organ function markers, antioxidant status, and inflammatory cytokines. Strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was observed, approaching standard drug efficacy. Histopathological analysis revealed significant protection and restoration of liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues in extract-treated groups. Overall, C. occidentalis leaf extract exhibits potent antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, supporting its therapeutic potential in diabetes management.

Graphical Abstract