<p>Aquaculture is the fastest-growing worldwide food production industry, but contamination of aquatic ecosystems with agrochemicals like tebuconazole raises serious ecological harmful effects. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological and histopathological effects of short-term waterborne exposure to tebuconazole on silver carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>), a commercially important freshwater species. A total of 21 silver carp were utilized for the experiment, with 7 fish allocated to each of three distinct treatment groups: a control (T0) and two tebuconazole exposure concentrations (T1: 0.25 µg/L; T2: 0.50 µg/L). Fish were exposed for 96 h. Hematological parameters including white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelets (PLT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were analyzed. Hematological analysis revealed significant dose-dependent alterations in treated groups compared to the control. WBC counts increased significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.001), while RBC, HGB, HCT, and PLT levels showed highly significant reductions (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were observed for MCV, MCH, or MCHC (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Histopathological examinations demonstrated varying degrees of structural damage in the liver, kidney, and heart, including glomerular degeneration, hepatic vacuolization, sinusoidal dilation, and thinning of the cardiac compacta layer. The severity of these damages increased with higher tebuconazole concentrations. Notably, periportal changes were observed in 2 fish at T1(0.25 µg/L), a finding infrequently reported in hepatic pathology. These findings suggest that even 0.25µ/L of tebuconazole concentration can induce physiological stress and severe tissue damage in freshwater fish, underscoring potential ecological risks associated with its presence in aquatic environments.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>