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<p>Ketosis is a common metabolic disorder in dairy cows, particularly in the early days following calving. It can manifest in both subclinical and clinical stages. The condition is characterized by high levels of blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and low glucose, leading to impaired health and reduced productivity. A review highlights the importance of subclinical and clinical ketosis in dairy cattle by compiling research published between 2011 and 2025. The statement offers an updated summary of BHB and glucose thresholds, as well as discussing risk factors, physiological mechanisms, and diagnostic techniques across various farming operations. The emphasis extends beyond statistical reporting and treatment methods. Subclinical ketosis is generally characterized by blood BHB levels ranging from 1.2 to 2.9&#xa0;mmol/L, typically occurring with mild hypoglycemia. Ketosis at a clinical level is defined by blood levels of BHB being at or above 3.0&#xa0;mmol/L, accompanied by significantly low blood glucose levels. The thresholds were uniformly consistent across breeds and production systems, albeit with slight variations attributed to sampling time and diagnostic criteria. Detecting the issue at an early stage is crucial. Reliable monitoring of BHB and glucose requires standardized diagnostic criteria. Knowledge of risk factors, metabolic pathways, and diagnostic tools in various production environments is crucial for enhancing prevention and management techniques.</p>

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Clinical and subclinical ketoses in postpartum dairy cows: a systematic review of blood biomarkers β-hydroxybutyrate and glucose

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Souad Aiche,
  • Fadhéla Smail,
  • Mira Chikhaoui

摘要

Ketosis is a common metabolic disorder in dairy cows, particularly in the early days following calving. It can manifest in both subclinical and clinical stages. The condition is characterized by high levels of blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and low glucose, leading to impaired health and reduced productivity. A review highlights the importance of subclinical and clinical ketosis in dairy cattle by compiling research published between 2011 and 2025. The statement offers an updated summary of BHB and glucose thresholds, as well as discussing risk factors, physiological mechanisms, and diagnostic techniques across various farming operations. The emphasis extends beyond statistical reporting and treatment methods. Subclinical ketosis is generally characterized by blood BHB levels ranging from 1.2 to 2.9 mmol/L, typically occurring with mild hypoglycemia. Ketosis at a clinical level is defined by blood levels of BHB being at or above 3.0 mmol/L, accompanied by significantly low blood glucose levels. The thresholds were uniformly consistent across breeds and production systems, albeit with slight variations attributed to sampling time and diagnostic criteria. Detecting the issue at an early stage is crucial. Reliable monitoring of BHB and glucose requires standardized diagnostic criteria. Knowledge of risk factors, metabolic pathways, and diagnostic tools in various production environments is crucial for enhancing prevention and management techniques.