Spiral ginger (Costus afer) leaves and stem abate hyperglycemia via inhibition of key enzymes relevant to type 2 diabetes and downregulation of insulin gene
摘要
In this study, type 2 diabetic rats’ biochemical parameters were examined in relation to aqueous extracts of spiral ginger stem (SGS) and spiral ginger leaf (SGL). Rats were given a high-fat diet and a controlled quantity of streptozotocin (35 mgkg − 1) for 14 days to induce type 2 diabetes (T2D). Rats were classified as diabetic if their blood glucose levels reached or surpassed 250 mg/mL. Then, 100–200 mg/kg body weight of either glibenclamide or spiral ginger was given to diabetic rats. We looked at the role of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, two enzymes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, the amount of fructosamine, and the expression of the insulin gene. No significant variation in weight change was observed between the groups of rats (p > 0.05), according to the data. Furthermore, compared to control diabetic rats, SGS and SGL aqueous extracts significantly (p < 0.05) downregulated the insulin gene and progressively lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic rats; the most noticeable effect was shown with SGL extract at 200 mg/kg. Additionally, spiral ginger extracts and diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide showed decreased α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. Several phenolic compounds were identified in SGS and SGL upon characterisation, with caffeic and ellagic acid being the most prevalent. We conclude that in T2D, aqueous extracts of SGS and SGL may influence insulin gene expression and hyperglycemia.