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<p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic associations with most plants and play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of medicinal plants. Although AMF is widely applied to improve growth and pharmacological properties, their regulatory mechanisms in <i>Polygala tenuifolia</i> remain unclear. In this study, we systematically examined the effects of five AMF species on the growth and metabolism of <i>P. tenuifolia</i> through pot experiments, integrating phenotypic traits, physiological indices, and untargeted metabolomics. Among the tested fungi, <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> significantly promoted plant growth and induced the highest accumulation of 3′,6-disinapoylsucrose (DISS), a key bioactive metabolite. Metabolomic profiling revealed that AMF, particularly <i>F. mosseae</i>, reprogrammed root metabolism by modulating biosynthetic pathways related to unsaturated fatty acids, diterpenoids, and flavonoids. Correlation analysis revealed that DISS levels were strongly associated with AMF-induced growth promotion index (GPI), total chlorophyll, and flavonoid content, and closely linked to shifts in key metabolites within these pathways. These findings suggest that AMF enhance <i>P. tenuifolia</i> growth and medicinal quality through metabolic reprogramming. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting efficient AMF species for precision cultivation of medicinal plants and lays the groundwork for future exploration of gene-level mechanisms driving quality formation in <i>P. tenuifolia</i>.</p>

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance the quality of Polygala tenuifolia through metabolomic reprogramming

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Shihao Xu,
  • Yinli Bi

摘要

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic associations with most plants and play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of medicinal plants. Although AMF is widely applied to improve growth and pharmacological properties, their regulatory mechanisms in Polygala tenuifolia remain unclear. In this study, we systematically examined the effects of five AMF species on the growth and metabolism of P. tenuifolia through pot experiments, integrating phenotypic traits, physiological indices, and untargeted metabolomics. Among the tested fungi, Funneliformis mosseae significantly promoted plant growth and induced the highest accumulation of 3′,6-disinapoylsucrose (DISS), a key bioactive metabolite. Metabolomic profiling revealed that AMF, particularly F. mosseae, reprogrammed root metabolism by modulating biosynthetic pathways related to unsaturated fatty acids, diterpenoids, and flavonoids. Correlation analysis revealed that DISS levels were strongly associated with AMF-induced growth promotion index (GPI), total chlorophyll, and flavonoid content, and closely linked to shifts in key metabolites within these pathways. These findings suggest that AMF enhance P. tenuifolia growth and medicinal quality through metabolic reprogramming. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting efficient AMF species for precision cultivation of medicinal plants and lays the groundwork for future exploration of gene-level mechanisms driving quality formation in P. tenuifolia.