<p>The advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has revolutionized diabetes management by enabling real-time glucose monitoring and significantly enhancing patient outcomes. This comprehensive review examines the current landscape of CGM, detailing its technological evolution, diverse applications, and future perspectives. The review discusses various technological modalities, including electrochemical CGM sensors, which utilize glucose oxidase as a receptor, as well as innovative optical, magnetic, piezoelectric, and thermo-responsive CGM sensors, with an emphasis on innovations to enhance CGM sensor sensitivity. It highlights key advancements, such as sensor miniaturization, biocompatibility enhancements, and improved wireless connectivity, which are crucial for integrating CGM sensors into wearable devices. While these technologies show great promise, significant challenges such as biocompatibility, sensor stability, and calibration accuracy remain. This review concludes that the future of CGM lies in the integration of artificial intelligence for personalized diabetes and the continued development of novel biocompatible materials and advanced sensing modalities, all of which are essential for the ongoing optimization of diabetes care.</p>