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<p>Flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting systems are attracting global interest for their ability to convert mechanical movements into electrical energy for low-frequency applications. Some of those electrical energies are generated by the well-suited wearable electronic devices from the normal movement of the human body. Here, we designed and analyzed a curved piezoelectric energy harvester, specifically an analytical model using distributed parameter and numerical models through COMSOL Multiphysics for wearable application. These model results accurately predict the spatial variation of harvested stored strain energy, displacement, voltage, current, and power along the beam length and offer vital details about the system’s frequency-dependent behavior. The analytical and simulation results show excellent agreement with previously published experimental results in the literature. The device achieves a peak output voltage of 48 V, a current of 0.225 mA, and a maximum power output of 4.6 mW at a resonant frequency of 35 Hz with an electrical load of 10 M<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and an external force of 350 N. Furthermore, this designed model is deeply analyzed through various parameters by separating it into two independent sections. Thus, this advancement represents a promising step toward self-powered, sustainable, and efficient energy solutions for next-generation wearable technologies.</p>

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Distributed parameter modeling of multilayer arc-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester for low-frequency applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Raju Anumatla,
  • M. Krishnasamy

摘要

Flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting systems are attracting global interest for their ability to convert mechanical movements into electrical energy for low-frequency applications. Some of those electrical energies are generated by the well-suited wearable electronic devices from the normal movement of the human body. Here, we designed and analyzed a curved piezoelectric energy harvester, specifically an analytical model using distributed parameter and numerical models through COMSOL Multiphysics for wearable application. These model results accurately predict the spatial variation of harvested stored strain energy, displacement, voltage, current, and power along the beam length and offer vital details about the system’s frequency-dependent behavior. The analytical and simulation results show excellent agreement with previously published experimental results in the literature. The device achieves a peak output voltage of 48 V, a current of 0.225 mA, and a maximum power output of 4.6 mW at a resonant frequency of 35 Hz with an electrical load of 10 M \(\Omega \) and an external force of 350 N. Furthermore, this designed model is deeply analyzed through various parameters by separating it into two independent sections. Thus, this advancement represents a promising step toward self-powered, sustainable, and efficient energy solutions for next-generation wearable technologies.