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<p>While seismic geomorphology has revolutionized reservoir characterization in shallow clastic systems, its application to ultra-deep carbonate environments (&gt; 6000&#xa0;m burial depth) remains highly controversial. Conventional seismic attribute analysis often generates misleading “funny-looking things” and interpretational traps in low-frequency, high-velocity settings, challenging its reliability. This study seeks to determine how robust seismic geomorphological interpretation can be obtained in ultra-deep carbonate settings where conventional attribute analysis proves ineffective. Utilizing 3D seismic data (dominant frequency 20&#xa0;Hz), wireline logs, and core samples from the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation (4800–7000&#xa0;m depth) in the central Sichuan Basin, we reconstruct pre- and post-depositional geomorphology. Results reveal dramatic topographical inversion, shifting from high-standing to low-lying terrain toward the southern region and from low-lying to high-standing toward the northern region, both before and after the Longwangmiao Formation deposition. It is interpreted as an early response to the Caledonian Yunan movement transitioning from extension to compression. While confirming that attribute analysis is unreliable in these challenging ultra-deep environments, we demonstrate that isopach and cast methods successfully delineate geomorphic controls on circular shoal distribution. Consequently, the Shehong–Santai–Pengxi shoal zone is identified as the next high-potential target following Moxi, thereby establishing a robust workflow for seismic geomorphology in similar deep-buried carbonate systems globally.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Challenges and solutions in seismic geomorphology of ultra-deep carbonates: insights from the Cambrian Longwangmiao formation, central Sichuan Basin, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Lei Tan,
  • Xiao Feng,
  • Gang Zhou,
  • Lin Qiao,
  • Ya Zhang,
  • Hongyu Long,
  • Hong Liu,
  • Minxing Li,
  • Jianbo Huang

摘要

While seismic geomorphology has revolutionized reservoir characterization in shallow clastic systems, its application to ultra-deep carbonate environments (> 6000 m burial depth) remains highly controversial. Conventional seismic attribute analysis often generates misleading “funny-looking things” and interpretational traps in low-frequency, high-velocity settings, challenging its reliability. This study seeks to determine how robust seismic geomorphological interpretation can be obtained in ultra-deep carbonate settings where conventional attribute analysis proves ineffective. Utilizing 3D seismic data (dominant frequency 20 Hz), wireline logs, and core samples from the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation (4800–7000 m depth) in the central Sichuan Basin, we reconstruct pre- and post-depositional geomorphology. Results reveal dramatic topographical inversion, shifting from high-standing to low-lying terrain toward the southern region and from low-lying to high-standing toward the northern region, both before and after the Longwangmiao Formation deposition. It is interpreted as an early response to the Caledonian Yunan movement transitioning from extension to compression. While confirming that attribute analysis is unreliable in these challenging ultra-deep environments, we demonstrate that isopach and cast methods successfully delineate geomorphic controls on circular shoal distribution. Consequently, the Shehong–Santai–Pengxi shoal zone is identified as the next high-potential target following Moxi, thereby establishing a robust workflow for seismic geomorphology in similar deep-buried carbonate systems globally.

Graphical abstract