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<p>In the global distribution, characteristics of beachrocks remain subjects of ongoing scientific debate. A systematically compiled database integrating all published records is essential for achieving a clearer understanding of global beachrock formations. This study contributes to this effort by developing a regional database for the tropical Asian region. A systematic literature review was conducted using publications from 1960 to 2025, and the collected records were analyzed to assess spatial distribution, age, cement types, and cementation mechanisms. Spatial analysis revealed that regions of high beachrock occurrence density were concentrated between 0–10°N and 20–30°N. Age analysis revealed that most dated beachrocks range from 3000 to 6000&#xa0;years before present (BP), with fewer formations aged 6000–8000&#xa0;years BP. Cement analysis showed that aragonite and high-magnesium calcite are the dominant cement types, while cementation records revealed that the majority of beachrocks formed through seawater precipitation. These findings contribute to the establishment of a global beachrock database and provide critical insights into formation processes in tropical coastal environments, offering a scientific basis for future studies on sustainable coastal protection strategies employing bio-cementation.</p> Graphical abstract <p>Spatial distribution of beachrock occurrences in the tropical Asian region, showing distinct hotspots of higher density.</p>

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Geographical distribution and cementation characteristics of beachrocks in the tropical Asian region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月6日

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  • Rahubadda Kankanamge Hiroshima Surangani,
  • Anjula Buddhika Nayomi Dassanayake,
  • Chulantha Lakmal Jayawardena,
  • Niki Evelpidou,
  • Satoru Kawasaki

摘要

In the global distribution, characteristics of beachrocks remain subjects of ongoing scientific debate. A systematically compiled database integrating all published records is essential for achieving a clearer understanding of global beachrock formations. This study contributes to this effort by developing a regional database for the tropical Asian region. A systematic literature review was conducted using publications from 1960 to 2025, and the collected records were analyzed to assess spatial distribution, age, cement types, and cementation mechanisms. Spatial analysis revealed that regions of high beachrock occurrence density were concentrated between 0–10°N and 20–30°N. Age analysis revealed that most dated beachrocks range from 3000 to 6000 years before present (BP), with fewer formations aged 6000–8000 years BP. Cement analysis showed that aragonite and high-magnesium calcite are the dominant cement types, while cementation records revealed that the majority of beachrocks formed through seawater precipitation. These findings contribute to the establishment of a global beachrock database and provide critical insights into formation processes in tropical coastal environments, offering a scientific basis for future studies on sustainable coastal protection strategies employing bio-cementation.

Graphical abstract

Spatial distribution of beachrock occurrences in the tropical Asian region, showing distinct hotspots of higher density.