<p>We investigate a novel connection between the weighted isoperimetric problems and the weighted Poisson integrals of the extension problems for nonlocal elliptic operators. We first derive sharp inequalities for the weighted Poisson integrals associated with degenerate elliptic equations on the half-space and the unit ball, and classify their extremizers. The equations arise from the Caffarelli-Silvestre extension for the fractional Laplacian on the Euclidean space and its conformal transformation via the Möbius transformation. We next interpret the above sharp inequalities in a conformal geometric viewpoint. For this aim, we formulate a variational problem involving a weighted isoperimetric ratio on a smooth metric measure space induced by a conformally compact Einstein (CCE) manifold. Then, we prove that the variational problem is closely linked to the Chang-González extension for a fractional conformal Laplacian on the conformal infinity of the CCE manifold, and is reduced to the sharp inequality if the CCE manifold is either the Poincaré half-space or ball model. We also find a criterion that ensures the existence of a smooth extremizer of the variational problem, and present a relevant conjecture.</p>