<p>We analyze a diffuse interface model that describes the dynamics of incompressible viscous two-phase flows, incorporating mechanisms such as chemotaxis, active transport, and long-range interactions of Oono’s type. The evolution system couples the Navier–Stokes equations for the volume-averaged fluid velocity <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varvec{v}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">v</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, a convective Cahn–Hilliard equation for the phase-field variable <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varphi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and an advection-diffusion equation for the density of a chemical substance <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For the initial boundary value problem with a physically relevant singular potential in three dimensions, we demonstrate that every global weak solution <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\varvec{v}, \varphi , \sigma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">v</mi> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> exhibits a propagation of regularity over time. Specifically, after an arbitrary positive time, the phase-field variable <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varphi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> transitions into a strong solution, whereas the chemical density <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> only partially regularizes. Subsequently, the velocity field <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varvec{v}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">v</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> becomes regular after a sufficiently large time, followed by a further regularization of the chemical density <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which in turn enhances the spatial regularity of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varphi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, we show that every global weak solution stabilizes towards a single equilibrium as <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\rightarrow +\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Our analysis uncovers the influence of chemotaxis, active transport, and long-range interactions on the propagation of regularity at different stages of time. The proof relies on several key points, including a novel regularity result for a convective Cahn–Hilliard–diffusion system with a velocity field <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varvec{v}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">v</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of Leray type, the strict separation property of <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varphi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for large times, as well as two conditional uniqueness results pertaining to the full system and its subsystem for <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\varphi , \sigma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with a given velocity, respectively.</p>

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Regularity propagation of global weak solutions to a Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard system for incompressible two-phase flows with chemotaxis and active transport

  • Jingning He,
  • Hao Wu

摘要

We analyze a diffuse interface model that describes the dynamics of incompressible viscous two-phase flows, incorporating mechanisms such as chemotaxis, active transport, and long-range interactions of Oono’s type. The evolution system couples the Navier–Stokes equations for the volume-averaged fluid velocity \(\varvec{v}\) v , a convective Cahn–Hilliard equation for the phase-field variable \(\varphi \) φ , and an advection-diffusion equation for the density of a chemical substance \(\sigma \) σ . For the initial boundary value problem with a physically relevant singular potential in three dimensions, we demonstrate that every global weak solution \((\varvec{v}, \varphi , \sigma )\) ( v , φ , σ ) exhibits a propagation of regularity over time. Specifically, after an arbitrary positive time, the phase-field variable \(\varphi \) φ transitions into a strong solution, whereas the chemical density \(\sigma \) σ only partially regularizes. Subsequently, the velocity field \(\varvec{v}\) v becomes regular after a sufficiently large time, followed by a further regularization of the chemical density \(\sigma \) σ , which in turn enhances the spatial regularity of \(\varphi \) φ . Furthermore, we show that every global weak solution stabilizes towards a single equilibrium as \(t\rightarrow +\infty \) t + . Our analysis uncovers the influence of chemotaxis, active transport, and long-range interactions on the propagation of regularity at different stages of time. The proof relies on several key points, including a novel regularity result for a convective Cahn–Hilliard–diffusion system with a velocity field \(\varvec{v}\) v of Leray type, the strict separation property of \(\varphi \) φ for large times, as well as two conditional uniqueness results pertaining to the full system and its subsystem for \((\varphi , \sigma )\) ( φ , σ ) with a given velocity, respectively.