<p>The degenerate migration-consumption model <Equation ID="Equ117"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{llll} u_t=\Delta (\phi (v)u)+au-bu^\gamma ,\quad &amp; x\in \Omega ,\quad t&gt;0,\\ v_t=\Delta v-uv,\quad &amp; x\in \Omega ,\quad t&gt;0, \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>b</mi> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>γ</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>is considered under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a smooth bounded domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), where the parameters <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a&gt;0,b&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma &gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and the motility function <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϕ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> suitably generalizes the prototype given by <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi (s)=s^\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s\ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with some <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Consequently, the main obstacle of analysis results from a possible degeneracy at small signal concentrations. When <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϕ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is suitably smooth with <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \ge \frac{1}{\frac{n}{2}+\gamma -1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mfrac> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, in two- and higher-dimensional settings, it is shown that if one of the following cases holds: (i) <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma &gt;2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; (ii) <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma =2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>b</i> is sufficiently large, then for all appropriately regular initial data this system possesses global classical solutions. In particular, for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the same conclusion remains valid, irrespective of whether <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma =2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in two-dimensional counterpart or <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma &gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in one-dimensional case. In the case when <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma =2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, for arbitrary <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, by means of distinct approaches, it is asserted that in both cases <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in (0,\frac{1}{2})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \ge \frac{1}{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> this system admits globally defined weak solutions for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, in the case when <InlineEquation ID="IEq23"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma =2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq24"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha &gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq25"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then the above weak solutions eventually become smooth and classical. To the best of our knowledge, it seems to be the first rigorous analytical results concerned with global classical solvability for arbitrary dimensions and ultimate smoothness of global weak solutions in degenerate cases for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq26"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 3.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation></p>

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Global solvability and eventual smoothness in a degenerate migration-consumption system with logistic source

  • Liangchen Wang,
  • Chunlai Mu

摘要

The degenerate migration-consumption model \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{llll} u_t=\Delta (\phi (v)u)+au-bu^\gamma ,\quad & x\in \Omega ,\quad t>0,\\ v_t=\Delta v-uv,\quad & x\in \Omega ,\quad t>0, \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\) u t = Δ ( ϕ ( v ) u ) + a u - b u γ , x Ω , t > 0 , v t = Δ v - u v , x Ω , t > 0 , is considered under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a smooth bounded domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\) Ω R n ( \(n\ge 1\) n 1 ), where the parameters \(a>0,b>0\) a > 0 , b > 0 , \(\gamma >1\) γ > 1 , and the motility function \(\phi \) ϕ suitably generalizes the prototype given by \(\phi (s)=s^\alpha \) ϕ ( s ) = s α for all \(s\ge 0\) s 0 with some \(\alpha >0\) α > 0 . Consequently, the main obstacle of analysis results from a possible degeneracy at small signal concentrations. When \(\phi \) ϕ is suitably smooth with \(\alpha \ge \frac{1}{\frac{n}{2}+\gamma -1}\) α 1 n 2 + γ - 1 , in two- and higher-dimensional settings, it is shown that if one of the following cases holds: (i) \(\gamma >2\) γ > 2 ; (ii) \(\gamma =2\) γ = 2 and b is sufficiently large, then for all appropriately regular initial data this system possesses global classical solutions. In particular, for any \(b>0\) b > 0 , the same conclusion remains valid, irrespective of whether \(\alpha \ge 1\) α 1 and \(\gamma =2\) γ = 2 in two-dimensional counterpart or \(\alpha >0\) α > 0 and \(\gamma >1\) γ > 1 in one-dimensional case. In the case when \(\gamma =2\) γ = 2 , for arbitrary \(b>0\) b > 0 , by means of distinct approaches, it is asserted that in both cases \(\alpha \in (0,\frac{1}{2})\) α ( 0 , 1 2 ) and \(\alpha \ge \frac{1}{2}\) α 1 2 this system admits globally defined weak solutions for all \(n\ge 2\) n 2 . Furthermore, in the case when \(\gamma =2\) γ = 2 , for all \(\alpha >1\) α > 1 and \(n\ge 3\) n 3 , then the above weak solutions eventually become smooth and classical. To the best of our knowledge, it seems to be the first rigorous analytical results concerned with global classical solvability for arbitrary dimensions and ultimate smoothness of global weak solutions in degenerate cases for all \(n\ge 3.\) n 3 .