<p>In this paper, we consider the following Schrödinger–Newton equation <Equation ID="Equ85"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_3003_Article_Equ85.gif" Format="GIF" Height="44" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="350" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} -\epsilon ^2\Delta u+V(x)u=\frac{u}{8\pi \epsilon ^2}\int _{\mathbb {R}^3}\frac{u^2(y)}{|x-y|}\,dy,\quad x\in \mathbb {R}^3, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>8</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </msub> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_3003_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\epsilon &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a small parameter, and <i>V</i> is a smooth, uniformly positive potential. Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_3003_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a smooth, closed, stationary and nondegenerate curve with respect to the functional <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_3003_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="64" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\int _{\Gamma }V^\sigma \,d\gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mi>σ</mi> </msup> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>γ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with some <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_3003_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We establish the existence of a solution <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_3003_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_\epsilon \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>ϵ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> concentrating along a curve near <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_3003_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, provided <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="526_2025_3003_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="10" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\epsilon \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϵ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is sufficiently small and away from specific critical values. This result first extends the Ambrosetti–Malchiodi–Ni conjecture to the context of the Schrödinger–Newton equation.</p>

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Existence and concentration phenomena along curves for the Schrödinger–Newton equation in \(\mathbb {R}^3\)

  • Li Cai,
  • Yong Liu,
  • Jun Wang,
  • Wen Yang

摘要

In this paper, we consider the following Schrödinger–Newton equation \(\begin{aligned} -\epsilon ^2\Delta u+V(x)u=\frac{u}{8\pi \epsilon ^2}\int _{\mathbb {R}^3}\frac{u^2(y)}{|x-y|}\,dy,\quad x\in \mathbb {R}^3, \end{aligned}\) - ϵ 2 Δ u + V ( x ) u = u 8 π ϵ 2 R 3 u 2 ( y ) | x - y | d y , x R 3 , where \(\epsilon >0\) ϵ > 0 is a small parameter, and V is a smooth, uniformly positive potential. Let \(\Gamma \) Γ be a smooth, closed, stationary and nondegenerate curve with respect to the functional \(\int _{\Gamma }V^\sigma \,d\gamma \) Γ V σ d γ with some \(\sigma >0\) σ > 0 . We establish the existence of a solution \(u_\epsilon \) u ϵ concentrating along a curve near \(\Gamma \) Γ , provided \(\epsilon \) ϵ is sufficiently small and away from specific critical values. This result first extends the Ambrosetti–Malchiodi–Ni conjecture to the context of the Schrödinger–Newton equation.