Purpose <p>Breast cancer, the most common female malignancy, has serious psychological effects such as fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and body image concern (BIC). This study investigated demoralization as a predictor and body compassion as a mediator in relation to FCR and body image concerns in women with breast cancer.</p> Methods <p>The study was conducted as descriptive-analytical research using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on 214 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Research instruments included the Demoralization Scale, Fear of Cancer Recurrence Scale, Body Image Concern Inventory, and Body Compassion Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 and LISREL 8.80.</p> Results <p>Findings revealed that demoralization had a significant positive correlation with fear of cancer recurrence (<i>r</i> = 0.27) and body image concerns (<i>r</i> = 0.33). Body compassion demonstrated significant negative correlations with demoralization (<i>r</i> = −0.28), fear of cancer recurrence (<i>r</i> = −0.37), and body image concerns (<i>r</i> = −0.57). Path analysis demonstrated that body compassion played a significant mediating role in the relationship between demoralization and fear of cancer recurrence (standardized indirect <i>β</i> = 0.09), as well as between demoralization and body image concerns (standardized indirect <i>β</i> = 0.15).</p> Conclusion <p>The findings indicate demoralization as a negative psychological factor that increases fear of cancer recurrence and body image concerns, while body compassion may serve as a protective factor reducing demoralization’s negative effects. This study highlights the necessity of body compassion-based psychological interventions to improve mental health and quality of life in women with breast cancer. Future research could examine this model in other patient groups with more comprehensive approaches.</p>