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Purpose <p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment but carry significant costs, posing challenges for patients and healthcare systems. This study aimed to evaluate healthcare utilization using real-world data among cancer patients treated with ICIs, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs), and chemotherapy (Chemo).</p> Methods <p>This study utilized data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry and National Health Insurance Database between January 2019 and December 2020, including 133,786 participants diagnosed with stage III, stage IV, or metastatic cancer. Participants were categorized based on the antineoplastic medications. The outcome variables for healthcare service utilization included the number of outpatient visits, outpatient costs, inpatient days, inpatient costs, and total healthcare costs.</p> Results <p>This study included 2722 ICI users, 22,499 mAb users, 30,067 PKI users, and 78,498 Chemo users. ICI users demonstrated significantly higher overall healthcare utilization compared to the other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, both cancer- and noncancer-related costs were elevated among ICI users, primarily driven by the management of respiratory, endocrine, and urological disorders. Notably, ICI users had lower inpatient healthcare service utilization than mAb users in the 1-year survivor population (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>These findings suggest that although ICI use leads to increased overall healthcare utilization, it is associated with a reduction in inpatient healthcare services. This underscores the need for physicians and policymakers to carefully assess the economic implications of ICIs and develop comprehensive strategies to optimize healthcare resources.</p>

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Healthcare utilization in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a population-based study of all patients and 1-year survivors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Chia-Lu Hsu,
  • Li-Fan Hsu,
  • Sheng-Yin To,
  • Cho-Hao Lee,
  • Yuan-Liang Wen,
  • Hui-Wen Yang,
  • I-Wen Chen,
  • Li-Ting Kao

摘要

Purpose

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment but carry significant costs, posing challenges for patients and healthcare systems. This study aimed to evaluate healthcare utilization using real-world data among cancer patients treated with ICIs, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs), and chemotherapy (Chemo).

Methods

This study utilized data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry and National Health Insurance Database between January 2019 and December 2020, including 133,786 participants diagnosed with stage III, stage IV, or metastatic cancer. Participants were categorized based on the antineoplastic medications. The outcome variables for healthcare service utilization included the number of outpatient visits, outpatient costs, inpatient days, inpatient costs, and total healthcare costs.

Results

This study included 2722 ICI users, 22,499 mAb users, 30,067 PKI users, and 78,498 Chemo users. ICI users demonstrated significantly higher overall healthcare utilization compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Additionally, both cancer- and noncancer-related costs were elevated among ICI users, primarily driven by the management of respiratory, endocrine, and urological disorders. Notably, ICI users had lower inpatient healthcare service utilization than mAb users in the 1-year survivor population (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that although ICI use leads to increased overall healthcare utilization, it is associated with a reduction in inpatient healthcare services. This underscores the need for physicians and policymakers to carefully assess the economic implications of ICIs and develop comprehensive strategies to optimize healthcare resources.