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<p>The Federal Agency for Water Management operates a&#xa0;comprehensive monitoring program to record and optimize water and nitrogen flows in agricultural production in eastern Austria. Given the low groundwater recharge and intensive arable use, protecting groundwater from nitrate pollution is a&#xa0;key challenge in this region.</p><p>The investigations are based on a&#xa0;network of measuring sites in place since 2012. Key parameters of the water and nitrogen cycle are recorded and combined with precisely documented management data. Measurements and application of the StoTraSim model are used to visualize water and nitrogen cycles in high temporal resolution, identify specific risk scenarios for groundwater due to nitrate pollution, and develop countermeasures.</p><p>The results show that fertilization can be reduced by up to 40% compared to the Austrian fertilisation guideline by adapting to the current nitrogen requirement without significantly affecting the harvest volume. The choice of crop rotation and targeted planting after the harvest of early-maturing crops also contribute to nitrogen fixation. Irrigation significantly influences nitrogen transfer, whereby exceeding the soil storage capacity due to excessive irrigation leads to increased nitrate discharge.</p><p>Monitoring enables a&#xa0;more precise assessment of water and nitrogen flows and offers recommendations for sustainable management. to give climate change, improved water and nitrogen management is essential to ensure a&#xa0;sufficient quality drinking water supply in the long term.</p>

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Monitoring von Wasser- und Stickstoffflüssen in Trockenregionen Österreichs zur Entwicklung einer grundwasserschonenden Landwirtschaft

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月17日

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  • Alexander Eder,
  • Andrea Schmid,
  • Andreas Scheidl,
  • Johann Dorner,
  • Wolfgang Knierzinger

摘要

The Federal Agency for Water Management operates a comprehensive monitoring program to record and optimize water and nitrogen flows in agricultural production in eastern Austria. Given the low groundwater recharge and intensive arable use, protecting groundwater from nitrate pollution is a key challenge in this region.

The investigations are based on a network of measuring sites in place since 2012. Key parameters of the water and nitrogen cycle are recorded and combined with precisely documented management data. Measurements and application of the StoTraSim model are used to visualize water and nitrogen cycles in high temporal resolution, identify specific risk scenarios for groundwater due to nitrate pollution, and develop countermeasures.

The results show that fertilization can be reduced by up to 40% compared to the Austrian fertilisation guideline by adapting to the current nitrogen requirement without significantly affecting the harvest volume. The choice of crop rotation and targeted planting after the harvest of early-maturing crops also contribute to nitrogen fixation. Irrigation significantly influences nitrogen transfer, whereby exceeding the soil storage capacity due to excessive irrigation leads to increased nitrate discharge.

Monitoring enables a more precise assessment of water and nitrogen flows and offers recommendations for sustainable management. to give climate change, improved water and nitrogen management is essential to ensure a sufficient quality drinking water supply in the long term.