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<p>In the twentyfirst century, despite the existence of numerous laws and government initiatives aimed at protecting and empowering women, harassment continues to affect women across various spheres of life—both domestic and professional. As a result, women’s empowerment remains one of the most critical and urgent topics of contemporary discourse. While traditional studies have explored women’s empowerment from multiple perspectives, there has been limited application of fuzzy set theory in this domain—particularly in evaluating the degree of uncertainty involved in field-wise empowerment. To address this gap, the present study utilizes the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) methods to assess the level of women’s empowerment in India across a range of sectors, including media, sports, defence, biotechnology, medical technology, psychology, higher education, and social work, using data compiled from diverse sources. All the data is collected in Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers (TrFN) to deal with the uncertainty and vagueness of the system and data sets. Given the challenges in ranking alternative empowerment options, the study applies a fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach based on key factors and their corresponding sub-factors to identify the optimal empowerment domain. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is employed to determine the factor weight, fuzzy weight, and global fuzzy weight of the sub-factors. Subsequently, the fuzzy TOPSIS method is used to rank the alternative empowerment options and identify the field in which women have the greatest potential to thrive. These results are then validated through comparison with the fuzzy COPRAS technique, and the final assessment is established. To further ensure the robustness and reliability of the findings, a sensitivity analysis is conducted by selectively removing certain factors or sub-factors. The overall results provide clear insights into where and how women’s empowerment can be most effectively promoted—offering not only time-efficient decision-making but also paving the way for a more secure and equitable future for women around the world.</p>

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Sub-factors based decision making with uncertainty for sustainable women empowerment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Doli Adhikari,
  • Kamal Hossain Gazi,
  • Alaa Fouad Momena,
  • Soheil Salahshour,
  • Shubhendu Mandal,
  • Bibhas Chandra Giri,
  • Priyanka Dey,
  • Arijit Ghosh,
  • Sankar Prasad Mondal

摘要

In the twentyfirst century, despite the existence of numerous laws and government initiatives aimed at protecting and empowering women, harassment continues to affect women across various spheres of life—both domestic and professional. As a result, women’s empowerment remains one of the most critical and urgent topics of contemporary discourse. While traditional studies have explored women’s empowerment from multiple perspectives, there has been limited application of fuzzy set theory in this domain—particularly in evaluating the degree of uncertainty involved in field-wise empowerment. To address this gap, the present study utilizes the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) methods to assess the level of women’s empowerment in India across a range of sectors, including media, sports, defence, biotechnology, medical technology, psychology, higher education, and social work, using data compiled from diverse sources. All the data is collected in Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers (TrFN) to deal with the uncertainty and vagueness of the system and data sets. Given the challenges in ranking alternative empowerment options, the study applies a fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach based on key factors and their corresponding sub-factors to identify the optimal empowerment domain. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is employed to determine the factor weight, fuzzy weight, and global fuzzy weight of the sub-factors. Subsequently, the fuzzy TOPSIS method is used to rank the alternative empowerment options and identify the field in which women have the greatest potential to thrive. These results are then validated through comparison with the fuzzy COPRAS technique, and the final assessment is established. To further ensure the robustness and reliability of the findings, a sensitivity analysis is conducted by selectively removing certain factors or sub-factors. The overall results provide clear insights into where and how women’s empowerment can be most effectively promoted—offering not only time-efficient decision-making but also paving the way for a more secure and equitable future for women around the world.