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<p>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are decentralized networks of spatially distributed sensors that gather and monitor environmental information for various applications, including industrial automation and environmental monitoring. This enables real-time information gathering without relying upon wired connections. In WSN, clustering and routing are essential techniques for improving data transmission. Clustering comprises grouping sensor nodes (SN) into clusters to optimize energy efficacy and extend the network's lifetime. However, selecting suitable and efficient cluster head (CH) components is crucial to harness their benefits. Selecting appropriate CHs and finding optimum coefficients for all the parameters of applicable fitness function (FF) in CH selection is a non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP-hard) problem that needs additional processing. In contrast, routing focuses on defining the most effective path for data to traverse through the network, ensuring timely and reliable data delivery and reducing energy consumption. Therefore, this study proposes a new Metaheuristic-Based Dual Cluster Head Selection with Routing Protocol (MBDCHS-RP) method for energy-efficient WSNs. The MBDCHS-RP method aims to cluster the nodes and select optimum routes for transmitting information in the WSN. To achieve this, the MBDCHS-RP method follows a two-stage clustering process, including tentative CH (TCH) and final CH (FCH) selection. The MBDCHS-RP technique utilizes a cheetah optimization algorithm (COA) with FF comprising residual energy (RE) and average node distance as input parameters for the TCH selection process. In addition, the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is used to select final CHs with multiple input parameters, namely average intra-cluster distance, RE, and average sink distance. A carnivorous plant algorithm (CPA) is employed for the optimal route selection process with two parameters, RE and distance to the base station, to enable an effective data transmission process. The simulation of the MBDCHS-RP technique is examined using distinct measures. The experimental validation of the MBDCHS-RP technique portrayed superior RNE and NLT values, with an LND of 1270 rounds and an optimum RNE of 24.48 at round 1000.</p>

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Modeling of metaheuristic-based dual cluster head selection with routing protocol for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月1日

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  • Maddikera Krishna Reddy,
  • Anusha Sowbarnika Veluswamy,
  • S. Selvanayaki,
  • C. Harini,
  • Pavan Kumar,
  • Syed Shameem

摘要

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are decentralized networks of spatially distributed sensors that gather and monitor environmental information for various applications, including industrial automation and environmental monitoring. This enables real-time information gathering without relying upon wired connections. In WSN, clustering and routing are essential techniques for improving data transmission. Clustering comprises grouping sensor nodes (SN) into clusters to optimize energy efficacy and extend the network's lifetime. However, selecting suitable and efficient cluster head (CH) components is crucial to harness their benefits. Selecting appropriate CHs and finding optimum coefficients for all the parameters of applicable fitness function (FF) in CH selection is a non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP-hard) problem that needs additional processing. In contrast, routing focuses on defining the most effective path for data to traverse through the network, ensuring timely and reliable data delivery and reducing energy consumption. Therefore, this study proposes a new Metaheuristic-Based Dual Cluster Head Selection with Routing Protocol (MBDCHS-RP) method for energy-efficient WSNs. The MBDCHS-RP method aims to cluster the nodes and select optimum routes for transmitting information in the WSN. To achieve this, the MBDCHS-RP method follows a two-stage clustering process, including tentative CH (TCH) and final CH (FCH) selection. The MBDCHS-RP technique utilizes a cheetah optimization algorithm (COA) with FF comprising residual energy (RE) and average node distance as input parameters for the TCH selection process. In addition, the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is used to select final CHs with multiple input parameters, namely average intra-cluster distance, RE, and average sink distance. A carnivorous plant algorithm (CPA) is employed for the optimal route selection process with two parameters, RE and distance to the base station, to enable an effective data transmission process. The simulation of the MBDCHS-RP technique is examined using distinct measures. The experimental validation of the MBDCHS-RP technique portrayed superior RNE and NLT values, with an LND of 1270 rounds and an optimum RNE of 24.48 at round 1000.