<p>Let <i>G</i> be a bridgeless cubic graph. In 2023, the three authors solved a conjecture (also known as the <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2024_126_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Conjecture) made by Mazzuoccolo in 2013: there exist two perfect matchings of <i>G</i> such that the complement of their union is a bipartite subgraph of <i>G</i>. They actually show that given any <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2024_126_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1^+\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-factor <i>F</i> (a spanning subgraph of <i>G</i> such that its vertices have degree at least 1) and an arbitrary edge <i>e</i> of <i>G</i>, there exists a perfect matching <i>M</i> of <i>G</i> containing <i>e</i> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2024_126_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="94" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G\setminus (F\cup M)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>∪</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is bipartite. This is a step closer to comprehend better the Fan–Raspaud Conjecture and eventually the Berge–Fulkerson Conjecture. The <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="493_2024_126_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Conjecture, now a theorem, is also the weakest assertion in a series of three conjectures made by Mazzuoccolo in 2013, with the next stronger statement being: there exist two perfect matchings of <i>G</i> such that the complement of their union is an acyclic subgraph of <i>G</i>. Unfortunately, this conjecture is not true: Jin, Steffen, and Mazzuoccolo later showed that there exists a counterexample admitting 2-cuts. Here we show that, despite of this, every cyclically 3-edge-connected cubic graph satisfies this second conjecture.</p>

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Three-Cuts are a Charm: Acyclicity in 3-Connected Cubic Graphs

  • František Kardoš,
  • Edita Máčajová,
  • Jean Paul Zerafa

摘要

Let G be a bridgeless cubic graph. In 2023, the three authors solved a conjecture (also known as the \(S_4\) S 4 -Conjecture) made by Mazzuoccolo in 2013: there exist two perfect matchings of G such that the complement of their union is a bipartite subgraph of G. They actually show that given any \(1^+\) 1 + -factor F (a spanning subgraph of G such that its vertices have degree at least 1) and an arbitrary edge e of G, there exists a perfect matching M of G containing e such that \(G\setminus (F\cup M)\) G \ ( F M ) is bipartite. This is a step closer to comprehend better the Fan–Raspaud Conjecture and eventually the Berge–Fulkerson Conjecture. The \(S_4\) S 4 -Conjecture, now a theorem, is also the weakest assertion in a series of three conjectures made by Mazzuoccolo in 2013, with the next stronger statement being: there exist two perfect matchings of G such that the complement of their union is an acyclic subgraph of G. Unfortunately, this conjecture is not true: Jin, Steffen, and Mazzuoccolo later showed that there exists a counterexample admitting 2-cuts. Here we show that, despite of this, every cyclically 3-edge-connected cubic graph satisfies this second conjecture.