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<p>Thermal adaptation potentially causes differences in short-term outdoor thermal experiences (SOTEs) between local people and tourists. However, this aspect received limited attention in mild-humid winter climates. Moreover, related research largely overlooked thermal satisfaction-an index highly relevant to travel psychology. Accordingly, this study compared the SOTEs, including thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and thermal satisfaction, between local people and tourists in wintertime Fuzhou, China with a mild-humid climate. The results show that (1) Tourists reported higher mean thermal comfort vote (MTCV) and mean thermal satisfaction vote (MTS<sub>a</sub>V) than local people when thermal sensation vote (TSV) increased from slightly warm to hot, whereas the MTCV and MTS<sub>a</sub>V differences between local people and tourists became minor when TSV decreased to cool and cold. (2) Local people, compared to tourists, showed greater sensitivity of mean TSV (MTSV) to changes in Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and generally reported lower MTSVs under identical UTCIs, particularly at lower UTCIs. Neutral UTCI was lower for tourists (16&#xa0;°C) than for local people (18.3&#xa0;°C). (3) Tourists generally reported higher MTCV and MTS<sub>a</sub>V than local people under identical UTCIs. Meanwhile, the UTCIs corresponding to both MTCV and MTS<sub>a</sub>V peaks were lower for tourists than for local people, which may reflect stronger adaptation of local people than tourists to warming conditions on the warm side of Fuzhou’s winter. Moreover, the UTCI ranges corresponding to approaching comfort (0.5 ≤ MTCV ≤ 1.5) and approaching satisfaction (0.5 ≤ MTS<sub>a</sub>V ≤ 1.5) were wider for tourists than for local people. These findings provide guidance for improving SOTEs in urban tourist attractions.</p>

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Differential effects of long-term regional thermal adaptation on short-term outdoor thermal experiences: local people vs. tourists in a mild-humid winter climate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Qiaochu Wang,
  • Tianyu Xi,
  • Yangsheng Cai,
  • Xiaoyin Zhu,
  • Chenxi Yang,
  • Yang Zhang

摘要

Thermal adaptation potentially causes differences in short-term outdoor thermal experiences (SOTEs) between local people and tourists. However, this aspect received limited attention in mild-humid winter climates. Moreover, related research largely overlooked thermal satisfaction-an index highly relevant to travel psychology. Accordingly, this study compared the SOTEs, including thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and thermal satisfaction, between local people and tourists in wintertime Fuzhou, China with a mild-humid climate. The results show that (1) Tourists reported higher mean thermal comfort vote (MTCV) and mean thermal satisfaction vote (MTSaV) than local people when thermal sensation vote (TSV) increased from slightly warm to hot, whereas the MTCV and MTSaV differences between local people and tourists became minor when TSV decreased to cool and cold. (2) Local people, compared to tourists, showed greater sensitivity of mean TSV (MTSV) to changes in Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and generally reported lower MTSVs under identical UTCIs, particularly at lower UTCIs. Neutral UTCI was lower for tourists (16 °C) than for local people (18.3 °C). (3) Tourists generally reported higher MTCV and MTSaV than local people under identical UTCIs. Meanwhile, the UTCIs corresponding to both MTCV and MTSaV peaks were lower for tourists than for local people, which may reflect stronger adaptation of local people than tourists to warming conditions on the warm side of Fuzhou’s winter. Moreover, the UTCI ranges corresponding to approaching comfort (0.5 ≤ MTCV ≤ 1.5) and approaching satisfaction (0.5 ≤ MTSaV ≤ 1.5) were wider for tourists than for local people. These findings provide guidance for improving SOTEs in urban tourist attractions.