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<p>Air pollution, primarily resulting from industrial activities and the combustion of fossil fuels, poses a significant health risk in Arak due to elevated levels of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone. This study aims to quantify the health impacts of these pollutants and assess the potential benefits that could be realized through a reduction in their concentrations. The study employs the World Health Organization (WHO) AirQ<sup>+</sup> and the Environmental Protection Agency’s BenMAP-CE models to estimate the number of premature deaths and illnesses associated with exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> in Arak from 2017 to 2019. Data from air quality monitoring stations were analyzed, and health impact functions were used to assess the mortality rates linked to each pollutant. During 2017–2019, PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations exceeding WHO guidelines were associated with an estimated 729 (95% CI: 499–947), 654 (95% CI: 447–851), and 460 (95% CI: 313–602) premature deaths in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively, among adults aged ≥ 30 years (approximately 294,000–298,000 individuals). Achieving the WHO annual PM<sub>2.5</sub> guideline (10&#xa0;µg/m³) could prevent an average of 614 premature deaths per year in this population, while a uniform 30% reduction in O₃ concentrations over the study period could avert approximately 145 additional deaths. The AirQ + and BenMAP-CE models produced comparable results, confirming their effectiveness in health impact assessments. These findings underscore the urgent need for the implementation of effective air quality management policies in Arak and highlight the health impacts associated with air pollution.</p>

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Assessing the public health benefits of PM2.5 and O3 reduction using air Q+ and Benmap-CE tools: a case study in Arak, Iran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Maryam Salehi,
  • Amir Almasi Hashiani,
  • Seyed Hamed Mirhoseini

摘要

Air pollution, primarily resulting from industrial activities and the combustion of fossil fuels, poses a significant health risk in Arak due to elevated levels of PM2.5 and ozone. This study aims to quantify the health impacts of these pollutants and assess the potential benefits that could be realized through a reduction in their concentrations. The study employs the World Health Organization (WHO) AirQ+ and the Environmental Protection Agency’s BenMAP-CE models to estimate the number of premature deaths and illnesses associated with exposure to PM2.5 and O3 in Arak from 2017 to 2019. Data from air quality monitoring stations were analyzed, and health impact functions were used to assess the mortality rates linked to each pollutant. During 2017–2019, PM2.5 concentrations exceeding WHO guidelines were associated with an estimated 729 (95% CI: 499–947), 654 (95% CI: 447–851), and 460 (95% CI: 313–602) premature deaths in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively, among adults aged ≥ 30 years (approximately 294,000–298,000 individuals). Achieving the WHO annual PM2.5 guideline (10 µg/m³) could prevent an average of 614 premature deaths per year in this population, while a uniform 30% reduction in O₃ concentrations over the study period could avert approximately 145 additional deaths. The AirQ + and BenMAP-CE models produced comparable results, confirming their effectiveness in health impact assessments. These findings underscore the urgent need for the implementation of effective air quality management policies in Arak and highlight the health impacts associated with air pollution.