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<p>Road dust serves as a significant repository of heavy metal pollutants, posing hazards to the metropolitan area and its residents. heavy metals accumulate in roadway particles via atmospheric deposition, making road pollution a source of hazardous metals in urban areas. The results for the four ecological risk assessment subgroups were as follows: Minimal Ecological Risk: ES: 20.37; 95% CI [5.75, 35], Moderate Ecological Risk: ES = 80.08; 95% CI [48.91, 111.25], Strong Ecological Risk: ES = 129.69; 95% CI [108.14, 151.23], Very Strong Ecological Risk: ES = 339.99; 95% CI [297.16, 382.83], and Overall Pooled Estimate: ES = 115.23; 95% CI [84.96, 145.51]. The results of GAM analysis showed that Cd, Ni, Cr, and Zn were most closely related to RI, as Cd (Estimate (β): 0.92, P ( &gt;|Z|): 0.000) and Ni (Estimate (β): 0.61, P ( &gt;|Z|): 0.005) had the highest significance level with ecological risks. The present study concludes that the origin of heavy metals in dust can be significantly influenced by vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and waste incineration facilities, tire wear, lubricating oil use, bearing failure, copper mining, greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion in heavy traffic, resuspension of regional soil, and energy conversion (refineries and thermal power plants).</p>

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Heavy metal concentrations and ecological impacts (Igeo, Er, Cf, Ef, RI, and PI) in urban air dust, and those that have the greatest effect on the risk index evaluation process through the use of machine learning and GAM models (systematic review and meta-analysis)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Majid Farhadi,
  • Kambiz Ahmadi Angali,
  • Masoumeh Sabzian,
  • Arefeh Sepahvand,
  • Fatemeh Hayatolgheibi,
  • Farshid Soleimani,
  • Zahra Ahmadi Angali,
  • Soraya Ehsani,
  • Masoud Behzadifar

摘要

Road dust serves as a significant repository of heavy metal pollutants, posing hazards to the metropolitan area and its residents. heavy metals accumulate in roadway particles via atmospheric deposition, making road pollution a source of hazardous metals in urban areas. The results for the four ecological risk assessment subgroups were as follows: Minimal Ecological Risk: ES: 20.37; 95% CI [5.75, 35], Moderate Ecological Risk: ES = 80.08; 95% CI [48.91, 111.25], Strong Ecological Risk: ES = 129.69; 95% CI [108.14, 151.23], Very Strong Ecological Risk: ES = 339.99; 95% CI [297.16, 382.83], and Overall Pooled Estimate: ES = 115.23; 95% CI [84.96, 145.51]. The results of GAM analysis showed that Cd, Ni, Cr, and Zn were most closely related to RI, as Cd (Estimate (β): 0.92, P ( >|Z|): 0.000) and Ni (Estimate (β): 0.61, P ( >|Z|): 0.005) had the highest significance level with ecological risks. The present study concludes that the origin of heavy metals in dust can be significantly influenced by vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and waste incineration facilities, tire wear, lubricating oil use, bearing failure, copper mining, greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion in heavy traffic, resuspension of regional soil, and energy conversion (refineries and thermal power plants).